With the extensive use of lasers for a variety of applications
in day-to-day life, the need for optical limiters is driven by the
importance of ensuring safety and maintaining the reliability and
integrity of sensitive optical systems in various applications. Especially
the nanosecond 532 nm laser is widely used in a large number of industrial
applications, pertaining to the need of optical limiters for specifically
attenuating the wavelength of the nanosecond green laser (typically
operating at 532 nm). Advanced photonic materials comprising complex
networks of metal–organic–inorganic Ag–rGO–MoS2 systems with varying concentrations of Ag (2.5, 5, 7.5, and
10 wt %) were developed, and their nonlinear absorption (NLA) is explored.
Under Q-switched nanopulsed Nd:YAG laser (532 nm, 9 ns, 10 Hz) excitation,
the hydrothermally synthesized hybrid system exhibited reverse saturable
absorption, arising due to the two-photon absorption (2PA) process.
The intensity-dependent Z-scan experiment and optical studies portray
the existence of a genuine (simple and fast) 2PA mechanism in the
hybrid, affirming the possibility of the utilization of the Ag–rGO–MoS2 hybrid for optical limiting applications. The Ag(7.5 wt %)–rGO–MoS2 hybrid showed a higher NLA coefficient of 9 × 10–10 m/W and a corresponding lower optical limiting threshold
of 1 × 1012 W/m2. The hybrid exhibits strong
absorption in the UV region due to the synergistic contribution of
all the individual counter parts of the hybrid. The availability of
multiple energy states near the 2PA state, the surface plasmon resonance-induced
higher local field, and strong structural defects enhance the fast
nonlinear response at nanosecond laser excitation. Thus, the exploration
of the nonlinear optical behavior of Ag–rGO–MoS2 against 532 nm nanosecond laser pulses for laser safety applications
is reported.