Self-assembled Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene and N-rich porous carbon hybrids as superior anodes for high-performance potassium-ion batteries

Zhao, Ruizheng; Di, Haoxiang; Hui, Xiaobin; Zhao, Danyang; Wang, Rutao; Wang, Cheng-Xiang; Yin, Longwei

doi:10.1039/c9ee03250a

Cited by 304 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…MXenes are a group of 2D transition metal carbide and/or carbonitrides with excellent electrical conductivity, hydrophilic surface and mechanical stability, which are used in various fields, such as electromagnetic interference shield (EMI), [ 1 ] batteries, [ 2 ] sensors, [ 3 ] catalysis, [ 4 ] and supercapacitors. [ 5 ] The typical representative of MXene is Ti 3 C 2 T x , T x represents –OH, –F, –O on the surface of MXene.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covalently Sandwiching MXene by Conjugated Microporous Polymers with Excellent Stability for Supercapacitors

Yang

Huang

et al. 2020

Small Methods

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surface of MXene. It is generally obtained by etching the MAX phase (Ti 3 AlC 2) in a HF solution or a solution that generates HF in situ. Similar to other 2D materials (such as graphene, MoS 2 , and black phosphorus, etc.), however, MXene flakes are susceptible to stacking and agglomeration due to the strong interlayer van der Waals force. This problem greatly hindered the dispersion of MXene and significantly reduce their specific surface area, thus limiting the efficient use of interface and seriously affects its performance. [6] To address this issue, a series of strategies have been adopted. For example, Gogotsi and co-workers reported that Ti 3 C 2 T x layer intercalated with cation to suppress the restacking of MXene nanosheets, thus offers high volumetric capacitance. [7] Yu and co-workers reported an MXene@polystyrene nanocomposites constructed by electrostatic assembly MXene flakes on polystyrene microspheres then compressing molding for highly efficient EMI. [8] A 3D MXene hydrogel was fabricated by using metal ions to break electrostatic repulsion force between the MXene nanosheets and serving as connectors to link the nanosheets together, which make the restacking problem of MXene be restrained and effectively increases the surface utilization of MXene. [9] These strategies can effectively inhibit the stacking of MXene and increase the layer spacing. Nevertheless, most of above methods are suffering from complex and harsh manufacturing process limitations. The poor oxidation stability is another major drawback for MXene. Due to the interaction of water and oxygen under ambient surroundings, MXene flakes are unstable and apt to oxidize. [10] It has been reported that the introduction of polyanionic salts [11] or antioxidants sodium l-ascorbate [12] in the MXene solution enables the anions to encapsulate the positively charged MXene flake edges and prevent MXene from interacting with water molecules, thereby achieving the purpose of inhibiting MXene oxidation. A stable MXene organic dispersion was reported based on simultaneous interfacial chemical grafting and phase transfer method, which has strong antioxidant properties. [13] Although the above methods can effectively suppress the oxidation of MXene, on the other hand, MXene is "contaminated" due to the introduction of other substances. Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are a unique class of organic porous materials constructed by rigid conjugated 2D MXenes have attracted wide attention due to their unique chemical and physical properties. However, MXene nanosheets suffer from restacking and are susceptible to oxidation and consequently lose their functional properties which limits their applications. Thus, it is desirable to explore strategies to preserve MXene nanosheets and avoid oxidation. Herein, an effective strategy to produce MXene-based conjugated microporous polymers (M-CMPs) by covalently sandwiching MXene between CMPs using p-iodophenyl functionalized MXene as templates is demonstrated. The as-prepared M-CMPs inherit the 2D architec...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covalently Sandwiching MXene by Conjugated Microporous Polymers with Excellent Stability for Supercapacitors

Yang

Huang

et al. 2020

Small Methods

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“…Because of high electric conductivity, suitable viscosity, and good film-forming property, MXene is considered as an ideal conductive substrate, binder, or current collector to construct the hybrids for PIBs. [91,107] For instance, N-rich porous carbon nanosheets (NPCNs) with high doping level (10.35 at%) were first modified with PDDA (Figure 9a,b), [48] giving birth to positively charged PDDA-NPCN. Then, electrostatic selfassembly of PDDA-NPCN and exfoliated negatively charged Ti 3 C 2 nanosheets (ex-Ti 3 C 2 ) was carried out to form the tight anchoring of PDDA-NPCN nanosheets on the surface of MXene nanosheets (Figure 9c).…”

Section: Mxene-based Hybrid Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances and Promise of MXene‐Based Nanostructures for High‐Performance Metal Ion Batteries

Dong

Shi

2020

Adv Funct Materials

229

114

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MXenes, a large family of 2D transition metal carbides or carbonitrides, possessing exceptional conductivity in the crystal core and ample functional groups (e.g., OH, F, O) on their surface, low energy barriers for metal ion diffusion, and large interlayer spaces for ion intercalation, are opening up various intriguing opportunities to construct advanced MXene-based nanostructures for different-type metal ion batteries (MIBs) with remarkable energy density and power density. Herein, this work summarizes the recent advances in MXene-based nanostructures for high-performance MIBs from lithium ion batteries to non-lithium (Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ca 2+) ion batteries, in which the unique roles of MXenes as active materials, conductive substrates, and even current collectors are highlighted. Furthermore, the loaded model, encapsulated model, and sandwiched model are clarified in detail for MXene-based hybrids with different dimensional (0D, 1D, and 2D) active materials, and each structural model is well exampled for different MIBs with special emphasis of synergistic effects and strong interaction interfaces between MXene and active materials. Finally, the existing challenges and perspectives of MXenebased nanostructures are briefly discussed for MIBs.

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“…In this study, rGO modified by poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) with a positive zeta potential enables the self‐assembly of rGO and MXene layer‐by‐layer by electrostatic interaction, resulting in a well‐aligned structure and increased interlayer spacing, which accounts for its excellent electrochemical performance ( Figure a,b). Additionally, Zhao et al have demonstrated the self‐assembly of positively charged N‐rich porous carbon nanosheets modified by PDDA and negatively charged MXene nanosheets with an enlarged interlayer spacing and unique 3D interconnected networks 80…”

Section: The Mxene Assembliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Assembly of MXenes from 2D to 3D

et al. 2020

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MXenes can be denoted with the formula M n+1 X n T x (n 1-3), where M is an early transition metal (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, or W), X is carbon and/or nitrogen, and T x stands for a surface functional group (O, OH, and/or F, etc.). [8] MXenes have a lattice with hexagonal lattice symmetry inherited from their parent MAX phase and have a superior electrical conductivity (6000-8000 S cm −1 ) due to their metallic backbone. [1,8] Abundant surface functional groups provide a large number of active sites on the surface of MXenes, and this has tremendous potential for surface modification and the highly efficient loading of active substances. [9][10][11][12] Additionally, MXenes have good thermal conductivity, [6] a tunable bandgap and excellent mechanical strength, [13,14] thus having great prospects in the fields of energy conversion and storage, [15][16][17] electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and absorption, [18][19][20] sensing, [21,22] environmental protection, and so on. [23,24] However, similar to other 2D materials, MXenes also have a propensity for "face to face" stacking and aggregation due to strong van der Waals forces, which greatly limits their performance in practical applications. [25,26] Recently, to address the stacking problem for a high surface utilization and obtain functional MXene materials with well-tailored structures, intense efforts from different aspects, such as surface modification, [27] heteroatom doping, [28] buckling and crumpling, [29][30][31][32] introducing interlayer spacers, [33] templating, [34] and crosslinking [35] have been made.Ways of assembling MXenes into 3D structures at the macro and/or microlevel are greatly needed to overcome the restacking problem of 2D materials, and have been extensively studied. [18,36,37] The 2D MXene nanosheets can be used as building blocks to construct MXene assemblies with desired structures by well-designed methods. Their excellent properties are expected to be inherited by the assemblies, thus essentially expanding their applications. Hence, there is a great need to summarize recent progress in the design of MXene assemblies for diverse applications.Previously, several reviews on the synthesis, properties, and applications of MXenes have been published. [8,15,25,[38][39][40][41] However, none of them have summarized the latest advances on MXene from an assembly perspective. A timely and focused progress report of MXene assemblies is expected to further accelerate the development of these emerging materials and promote their applications. Here, recent efforts on MXene assemblies and the corresponding assembly strategies are reviewed. To facilitate the discussion, the assemblies are classified into three categories according to their dimensional structures at the macro and/ or microlevels. These are, 2D assemblies, 2D macroassemblies Since their discovery in 2011, transition metal carbides or nitrides (MXenes) have attracted a wide range of attention due to their unique properties and promise for use in a variety of appl...

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Self-assembled Ti₃C₂ MXene and N-rich porous carbon hybrids as superior anodes for high-performance potassium-ion batteries

Abstract: The novel PDDA-NPCNs/Ti3C2 hybrids via an electrostatic attraction self-assembly approach effectively accelerate reaction kinetics and improve electrochemical performance as PIBs anodes.

Cited by 304 publications

References 67 publications

Covalently Sandwiching MXene by Conjugated Microporous Polymers with Excellent Stability for Supercapacitors

Covalently Sandwiching MXene by Conjugated Microporous Polymers with Excellent Stability for Supercapacitors

Recent Advances and Promise of MXene‐Based Nanostructures for High‐Performance Metal Ion Batteries

The Assembly of MXenes from 2D to 3D

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Self-assembled Ti3C2 MXene and N-rich porous carbon hybrids as superior anodes for high-performance potassium-ion batteries

Abstract: The novel PDDA-NPCNs/Ti3C2 hybrids via an electrostatic attraction self-assembly approach effectively accelerate reaction kinetics and improve electrochemical performance as PIBs anodes.

Cited by 304 publications

References 67 publications

Covalently Sandwiching MXene by Conjugated Microporous Polymers with Excellent Stability for Supercapacitors

Covalently Sandwiching MXene by Conjugated Microporous Polymers with Excellent Stability for Supercapacitors

Recent Advances and Promise of MXene‐Based Nanostructures for High‐Performance Metal Ion Batteries

The Assembly of MXenes from 2D to 3D

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Self-assembled Ti₃C₂ MXene and N-rich porous carbon hybrids as superior anodes for high-performance potassium-ion batteries