Self-assembly nucleic acid-based biopolymers: learn from the nature

Pakornpadungsit, Pitchaya; Smitthipong, Wirasak; Chworoś, Arkadiusz

doi:10.1007/s10965-018-1441-6

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…From the perspective of thermodynamics, the elasticity of rubber attributes to the changes in the conformations of rubber molecules from the unstrained molecules to the strained molecules. Such changes are related to the changes of internal energy and entropy associated with the deformation process as the following relationship [ 27 , 30 , 31 ]:

where F is the compression force causing changes in the length of NRF ( L ), U is the internal energy of NRF, T is the temperature used in the experiment, and S is the entropy of NRF. When plotting the compression force graph as a function of the conducted temperature, the interception at 0 K is equal to F u , and the slope multiplied by the temperature is equal to F s .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermodynamic Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Fillers on the Recovery of Rubber Foam: From Theory to Applications

Prasopdee

Smitthipong

2020

Polymers

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Natural rubber foam (NRF) can be prepared from concentrated natural latex, providing specific characteristics such as density, compression strength, compression set, and so on, suitable for making shape-memory products. However, many customers require NRF products with a low compression set. This study aims to develop and prepare NRF to investigate its recoverability and other related characteristics by the addition of charcoal and silica fillers. The results showed that increasing filler loading increases physical and mechanical properties. The recoverability of NRF improves as silica increases, contrary to charcoal loading, due to the higher specific surface area of silica. Thermodynamic aspects showed that increasing filler loading increases the compression force (F) as well as the proportion of internal energy to the compression force (Fu/F). The entropy (S) also increases with increasing filler loading, which is favorable for thermodynamic systems. The activation enthalpy (∆Ha) of the NRF with silica is higher than the control NRF, which is due to rubber–filler interactions created within the NRF. A thermodynamic concept of crosslinked rubber foam with filler is proposed. From theory to application, in this study, the NRF has better recoverability with silica loading.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermodynamic Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fillers on the Recovery of Rubber Foam: From Theory to Applications

Prasopdee

Smitthipong

2020

Polymers

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“…In other words, changes in the compression strain also affect the changes to the conformations of rubber molecules, which relate to elasticity. [ 3 ] According to the first and second laws of thermodynamics, under the condition of constant volume within the compression process, the changes of the entropy and the internal energy (energetic components) of the NRFs are related to this deformation process as given by the following equation [ 5,7,64,65 ]

F = (\frac{\partial U}{\partial L}) - T (\frac{\partial S}{\partial L}) = F_{normalu} + F_{normals}

where F is the compression force from the compression length of NRF ( L ), U is the internal energy of NRF, T is the experimental temperature, and S is the entropy of NRF. The relationship between the total compression force and the experimental temperature can be expressed graphically.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches toward High Resilience Rubber Foams: Morphology–Mechanics–Thermodynamics Relationships

Prasopdee

Shah

Smitthipong

2021

Macro Materials & Eng

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Natural rubber foam (NRF) products are frequently required in high resilience or high shape recoverability applications, which is in contrast to the fundamental nature of NRF. This study aims to improve NRF properties, such as recovery, by increasing the amount of vulcanizing chemicals (Vc) and adding cassava starch (Cs). Interestingly, increasing the amount of Vc and Cs improves mechanical properties and shape recoverability of NRF although the morphology of NRF with various concentrations of Cs is similar. The ratio of internal energy to the compression force is almost constant with various amounts of Vc and Cs because the degree of freedom of the rubber chains remains stable. NRF possesses better compression strength and shape recoverability with increasing amount of Vc (optimum of 16 phr) and Cs (optimum of 8 phr). Cassava starch is discovered as an attractive filler in comparison to traditional NRF fillers, such as charcoal and silica, due to its relatively low density.

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“…However, the interfacial energy of the polymer/gas system is complicated to measure. Normally, such interfacial energy is calculated corresponding to the surface energy of each material at equilibrium [ 31 , 72 ]; the limitation of this theory relates rather to the determination of this parameter.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Aspects and Computer Modeling Of Polymer Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Processing Functionally Graded Polymer Foams

2020

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Polymer foams are an important class of engineering material that are finding diverse applications, including as structural parts in automotive industry, insulation in construction, core materials for sandwich composites, and cushioning in mattresses. The vast majority of these manufactured foams are homogeneous with respect to porosity and structural properties. In contrast, while cellular materials are also ubiquitous in nature, nature mostly fabricates heterogeneous foams, e.g., cellulosic plant stems like bamboo, or a human femur bone. Foams with such engineered porosity distribution (graded density structure) have useful property gradients and are referred to as functionally graded foams. Functionally graded polymer foams are one of the key emerging innovations in polymer foam technology. They allow enhancement in properties such as energy absorption, more efficient use of material, and better design for specific applications, such as helmets and tissue restorative scaffolds. Here, following an overview of key processing parameters for polymer foams, we explore recent developments in processing functionally graded polymer foams and their emerging structures and properties. Processes can be as simple as utilizing different surface materials from which the foam forms, to as complex as using microfluidics. We also highlight principal challenges that need addressing in future research, the key one being development of viable generic processes that allow (complete) control and tailoring of porosity distribution on an application-by-application basis.

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Self-assembly nucleic acid-based biopolymers: learn from the nature

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Effect of Fillers on the Recovery of Rubber Foam: From Theory to Applications

Effect of Fillers on the Recovery of Rubber Foam: From Theory to Applications

Approaches toward High Resilience Rubber Foams: Morphology–Mechanics–Thermodynamics Relationships

Recent Progress in Processing Functionally Graded Polymer Foams

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