Metal–organic coordination polymers (CPs) have
attracted great research interest because they are easy to prepare,
porous, flexible in composition, and designable in structure. Their
applications in biosensor development, drug delivery, and catalysis
have been explored. Lanthanides and nucleotides can form interesting
CPs, although most previous works have focused on a single type of
metal ligand. In this work, we explored mixed nucleotides and studied
their DNA adsorption properties using fluorescently labeled oligonucleotides.
Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and guanosine monophosphate (GMP) formed
negatively charged CP nanoparticles with most lanthanides, and thus
a salt was required to adsorb negatively charged DNA. DNA adsorption
was faster and reached a higher capacity with lighter lanthanides.
Desorption of pre-adsorbed DNA by inorganic phosphates, urea, proteins,
surfactants, and competing DNA was successively carried out. The results
suggested the importance of the DNA phosphate backbone, although hydrogen
bonding and DNA bases also contributed to adsorption. The AMP CPs
adsorbed DNA more strongly than the GMP ones, and using mixtures of
AMP and GMP, continuous tuning of DNA adsorption affinity was achieved.
Such CPs were also used as a sensor for DNA detection based on the
different affinities of single- and double-stranded DNA, and a detection
limit of 0.9 nM target DNA was achieved. Instead of tuning DNA adsorption
by varying the length and sequence of DNA, the composition of CPs
can also be controlled to achieve this goal.