Self-Care Activities among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Morocco: Prevalence and Determinants

Abstract

Background: Self-care is an important, though often neglected, area of type 2 diabetes management in lower and middle income countries (LMICs). In Morocco, whilst the evolution of the disease is increasing rapidly, evidence documenting disease self-care patterns remains scarce. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of self-care activities among patients with type 2 diabetes in Morocco, and to identify the factors associated with good self-care practices. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of data of 406 patients aged 30 years old and over, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus for at least 6 months. Self-care activities were assessed using the Moroccan version of the Summary of diabetes self-care activities. Studied factors included socio-demographics, disease features and healthcare use. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression. Results: Mean age was 55.8 ± 11.6 years old. Females represented 68.7% of the respondents. Mean estimates of the frequency of self-care practices exceeded 3.5 days per week for diet, exercise and foot-care; of these, good dietary behavior was the most prevalent (63.6%). In multivariate analysis, females displayed better dietary behavior (OR = 1.81 [1.27-2.58]), and less frequent foot care (OR = 1.81 [1.27-2.58]) than males. Lower levels of exercise were associated with being female (0.42 [0.26-0.68]), and belonging to the higher income category (0.55 [0.34-0.88]). Residents in rural areas also reported better exercise practices (1.72 [1.07-2.78]). Conclusion: This study draws attention to self-care practices and their determinants in the Moroccan context. Such findings should help in the design, implementation, and evaluation of self-management interventions for people with type 2 diabetes.

Self-care practices and correlates among patients with type 2 diabetes in Eastern Ethiopia: A hospital-based cross-sectional study

“…Although SMBG guides medication dosage adjustments and lifestyle changes, it was found to be the least practiced self-care aspect, with only 0.7 days per week. 60 Studies in Morocco 61 and Norway 62 found that SMBG was also done fewer than once a week, which was consistent with this finding. On the other hand, SMBG was lower than two prior Saudi Arabian studies.…”

Relationship Between Patient Activation and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Self-management and Clinical Outcomes in Saudi Arabian Primary Care Setting

“…However, previous studies suggested that females were more likely to engage with healthy diet, foot care, blood glucose selftesting, 39 disease prevention behaviors, health-promoting behaviors, symptom recognition, and exercise compared to their male counterparts. 40,41 The observed inconsistencies, therefore, emphasize the need for further research in diverse contexts to better understand the complexities of genderrelated disparities in self-management behaviors.…”

Self-Care Practice among Diabetic Patients Type (II) and Its Determinants in Outpatient Clinics

“…One of the most important aspects of treating chronic diseases is allowing the patient to manage their own treatment. It encourages patients to actively participate in creating and overseeing their treatment plan by emphasizing knowledge and selfcare abilities (Chrvala, et al, 2016;Adarmouch et al, 2020).…”

“…Individuals with diabetes must follow a variety of self-care routines that are advised by the World Health Organization (WHO) (Gulentie et al, 2020). Diabetes patients should prioritize their nutrition, exercise, foot care, blood sugar testing, and adherence to their treatment plan (Santulli et al 2016;Adarmouch et al 2020). Following treatment instructions lowers the patient's chance of developing complications from diabetes and death, but achieving the target blood sugar level requires individuals to be highly motivated and to make constant efforts (ALotaibi, 2020).…”

“…Alongside assessment of the levels of selfcare behaviors, understanding their determinants is important to enable health professionals to design appropriate interventions. Factors that may affect selfmanagement include demographic, socioeconomic, psychological, health status, and the health-care system (Adarmouch et al 2020;Schulman-Green et al 2016).…”