Self-Care in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Self-care is essential for the prevention of complications in patients with diabetes, but several authors report that even with health education programs, the incidence of complications in patients with diabetes continues to increase. Objective: We aimed to examine adherence to self-care strategies and the repercussions of adherence on the clinical profiles of individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods: We performed a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched for related studies in 4 databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature (LILACS). We included observational studies in English and Portuguese that evaluated the effects of selfcare in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Results: The search resulted in the identification of 615 articles, of which 34 met all the inclusion criteria. General self-care was considered unsatisfactory. Physical exercise was classified as the self-care activity that was performed less frequently by individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus; adherence to medication was the most frequent behavior among volunteers. Conclusion: The studies indicated poor adherence of the population to good self-care practices, reflected by the increase in complications related to DM.

The association of illness perceptions and God locus of health control with self-care behaviours in patients with type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia

“…Consistent with previous research (Al Johani et al, 2015 ; da Rocha et al, 2020 ; Saad et al, 2018 ), adherence to self-care behaviours was low. A likely explanation, though not tested in the present study, could be patients’ insufficient knowledge about diabetes, the importance of self-care in diabetes, and the lack of focused and effective education about diabetes management.…”

“…Adherence to self-care behaviours is associated with better glycaemic control and improved quality of life in patients with T2D (Babazadeh et al, 2017 ; Colberg et al, 2010 ; Poolsup, Suksomboon, & Jiamsathit, 2008 ). However, research indicates that adherence to self-care behaviours among patients with T2D is suboptimal (Bonger, Shiferaw, & Tariku, 2018 ; da Rocha, Silva, & Cardoso, 2020 ; Mogre, Abanga, Tzelepis, Johnson, & Paul, 2017 ).…”

A randomized controlled trial of an educational intervention to promote oral and dental health of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…According to WHO, education is the cornerstone of diabetes treatment. In fact, education has been recommended as an essential component of promoting good control of diabetes, and studies have shown that education is effective in controlling and treating the disease, and according to studies, proper training can reduce 80% of diabetes complications [11,12]. The Health Belief Model is one of the oldest models of behavior analysis that has been used in numerous studies of health behaviors such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [13].…”

A randomised controlled trial of an educational intervention to promote Oral and dental health of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…According to WHO, education is the cornerstone of diabetes treatment. In fact, education has been recommended as an essential component of promoting good control of diabetes, and studies have shown that education is effective in controlling and treating the disease, and according to studies, proper training can reduce 80% of diabetes complications [11][12]. The Health Belief Model is one of the oldest models of behavior analysis that has been used in numerous studies of health behaviors such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [13].…”