Self-Care Practice and Associated Factors among Hypertensive Patients in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background. Hypertension is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries including Ethiopia. Self-care practice has been provided as one of the most important preventive mechanisms of hypertension and is considered as a basic treatment for hypertension. There is no national-level study that assesses hypertensive self-care practice in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the pooled level of hypertensive self-care practices and associated factors in Ethiopia. Methods. This study was carried out using published and unpublished articles accessed from databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, HENARI, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, African Journals, and university repositories. Data were extracted using a standard data extraction format. Data analysis was carried out using STATA version 11. Heterogeneity across the included studies was assessed using Cochrane’s Q statistics and I2 test with its corresponding p values. Publication bias was determined using Egger’s test and presented with a funnel plot. The pooled level of hypertensive self-care practice was estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis model. Results. This systematic review included 17 cross-sectional studies with 5,248 study participants. The overall pooled level of self-care practice among hypertensive patients in Ethiopia was 41.55% (95% CI 33.06, 50.05). Participant formal education (AOR = 2.82; 95% CI 2.18, 3.64) and good knowledge of hypertension (AOR = 4.04; 95% CI 2.19, 7.44) were significantly associated with self-care practice among hypertensive patients in Ethiopia. Conclusion. In this study, more than half of hypertensive patients had poor hypertensive self-care practice in Ethiopia. Participant’s formal education and good knowledge of hypertension were significantly associated with self-care practice among people living with hypertension in Ethiopia. Therefore, based on the evidence of this study, we recommended that programmers and policymakers should enhance the awareness of hypertensive patients on self-care practice domains and strengthen local programs working on noncommunicable diseases.

Association between Knowledge and Self-care Adherence among Elderly Hypertensive Patient in Dwelling Community

“…An unhealthy lifestyle is a significant factor causing uncontrolled blood pressure. Therefore, it is necessary to consistently provide health education about healthy lifestyle practices in patients with hypertension [26] This study also found a relationship between knowledge and adherence to physical activity. Studies report insufficient knowledge of the appropriate duration of physical exercise.…”

“…Knowledge is the basis for a person to practice self-care so that knowledge is positively correlated with self-care for people with hypertension [19], [26], [27]. Better knowledge leads to better practice in some ways.…”

“…Better knowledge leads to better practice in some ways. Studies in ethopia mention that there are four studies that explain that good knowledge will give you 4 times more possibility to practice self-care [26].…”

Self-care behavior mediates the relationship between health literacy and blood pressure in older adults with hypertension

“…8,10 Furthermore, self-care is impacted by variables including formal education, knowledge about hypertension, and social support. 11 Recognized as the primary treatment and preventive measure for hypertension, self-care is considered the significant importance in its management. 12 Taken together, self-care behavior may mediate the association between health literacy and BP control.…”

Self-care behavior among adult patients with hypertension in Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia: A cross-sectional study

“…These findings are consistent with a previous study, suggesting that overall hypertension self-management was generally adequate. This outcome may be attributed to the cumulative effect of years of exposure to both passive and active health education and counseling initiatives worldwide, wherein patients have reported a high level of satisfaction with the care provided for their blood pressure control (Konlan & Shin, 2023 ; Oluwole et al, 2019 ; Wondmieneh et al, 2021 ).…”