Self-consistent analysis of the hot spot dynamics for inertial confinement fusion capsules

Garnier, Josselin; Sanz, J.; Cherfils, C.; Canaud, B.; Massé, L.; Temporal, M.

doi:10.1063/1.2130315

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…28 to include the effects of hydrodynamic instabilities developing at the hot spot-shell interfaces. Another option is to use the ratio of the measured neutron yield to the predicted 1D yield ͑the YOC or yield-over-clean͒ to infer the effects of hydrodynamic instabilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A measurable Lawson criterion and hydro-equivalent curves for inertial confinement fusion

Zhou

Betti

2008

Physics of Plasmas

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It is shown that the ignition condition (Lawson criterion) for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) can be cast in a form dependent on the only two parameters of the compressed fuel assembly that can be measured with existing techniques: the hot spot ion temperature (Tih) and the total areal density (ρRtot), which includes the cold shell contribution. A marginal ignition curve is derived in the ρRtot, Tih plane and current implosion experiments are compared with the ignition curve. On this plane, hydrodynamic equivalent curves show how a given implosion would perform with respect to the ignition condition when scaled up in the laser-driver energy. For 3<⟨Tih⟩n<6keV, an approximate form of the ignition condition (typical of laser-driven ICF) is ⟨Tih⟩n2.6⋅⟨ρRtot⟩n>50keV2.6⋅g∕cm2, where ⟨ρRtot⟩n and ⟨Tih⟩n are the burn-averaged total areal density and hot spot ion temperature, respectively. Both quantities are calculated without accounting for the alpha-particle energy deposition. Such a criterion can be used to determine how surrogate D2 and subignited DT target implosions perform with respect to the one-dimensional ignition threshold.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A measurable Lawson criterion and hydro-equivalent curves for inertial confinement fusion

Zhou

Betti

2008

Physics of Plasmas

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“…[16][17][18] This idea has already been successfully applied to the linear stability of self-similar ablation flows in the case of an ideal gas. 19,20…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-similar solutions for a nonlinear radiation diffusion equation

et al. 2006

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This paper considers the hydrodynamic equations with nonlinear conduction when the internal energy and the opacity have power-law dependences in the density and in the temperature. This system models the situation in which a dense solid is brought into contact with a thermal bath. It supports self-similar solutions that depend on the surface temperature. The self-similar solution can exhibit a shock wave followed by an ablation front if the surface temperature does not increase too fast in time, but it can exhibit a heat front followed by an isothermal shock otherwise. These flows are carefully studied in order to clarify the role of the initial solid density in the energy absorption and the ablation process. Comparisons with numerical simulations show excellent agreement.

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“…Several analytic and numerical analyses 45,46,377,378 indicate that mass ablation stabilizes modes with ' տ 100 during this phase for both NIF-and OMEGA-scale targets.…”

Section: Hydrodynamic Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion: A review

et al. 2015

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The direct-drive, laser-based approach to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is reviewed from its inception following the demonstration of the first laser to its implementation on the present generation of high-power lasers. The review focuses on the evolution of scientific understanding gained from target-physics experiments in many areas, identifying problems that were demonstrated and the solutions implemented. The review starts with the basic understanding of laser–plasma interactions that was obtained before the declassification of laser-induced compression in the early 1970s and continues with the compression experiments using infrared lasers in the late 1970s that produced thermonuclear neutrons. The problem of suprathermal electrons and the target preheat that they caused, associated with the infrared laser wavelength, led to lasers being built after 1980 to operate at shorter wavelengths, especially 0.35 μm—the third harmonic of the Nd:glass laser—and 0.248 μm (the KrF gas laser). The main physics areas relevant to direct drive are reviewed. The primary absorption mechanism at short wavelengths is classical inverse bremsstrahlung. Nonuniformities imprinted on the target by laser irradiation have been addressed by the development of a number of beam-smoothing techniques and imprint-mitigation strategies. The effects of hydrodynamic instabilities are mitigated by a combination of imprint reduction and target designs that minimize the instability growth rates. Several coronal plasma physics processes are reviewed. The two-plasmon–decay instability, stimulated Brillouin scattering (together with cross-beam energy transfer), and (possibly) stimulated Raman scattering are identified as potential concerns, placing constraints on the laser intensities used in target designs, while other processes (self-focusing and filamentation, the parametric decay instability, and magnetic fields), once considered important, are now of lesser concern for mainline direct-drive target concepts. Filamentation is largely suppressed by beam smoothing. Thermal transport modeling, important to the interpretation of experiments and to target design, has been found to be nonlocal in nature. Advances in shock timing and equation-of-state measurements relevant to direct-drive ICF are reported. Room-temperature implosions have provided an increased understanding of the importance of stability and uniformity. The evolution of cryogenic implosion capabilities, leading to an extensive series carried out on the 60-beam OMEGA laser [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)], is reviewed together with major advances in cryogenic target formation. A polar-drive concept has been developed that will enable direct-drive–ignition experiments to be performed on the National Ignition Facility [Haynam et al., Appl. Opt. 46(16), 3276 (2007)]. The advantages offered by the alternative approaches of fast ignition and shock ignition and the issues associated with these concepts are described. The lessons learned from target-physics and implosion experiments are taken into account in ignition and high-gain target designs for laser wavelengths of 1/3 μm and 1/4 μm. Substantial advances in direct-drive inertial fusion reactor concepts are reviewed. Overall, the progress in scientific understanding over the past five decades has been enormous, to the point that inertial fusion energy using direct drive shows significant promise as a future environmentally attractive energy source.

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Self-consistent analysis of the hot spot dynamics for inertial confinement fusion capsules

Cited by 29 publications

References 22 publications

A measurable Lawson criterion and hydro-equivalent curves for inertial confinement fusion

A measurable Lawson criterion and hydro-equivalent curves for inertial confinement fusion

Self-similar solutions for a nonlinear radiation diffusion equation

Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion: A review

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