Self‐control in a Criminal Sample: An Examination of Construct Validity*

Longshore, Douglas; Rand, Susan Turner; Stein, Judith A.

doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1996.tb01203.x

Cited by 275 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These modifications to the LSC scale were consistent with modifications made in previous studies using this scale. 6,7,15,23 Criminal behavior, measured 6 months after baseline, was separated into two categories: those crimes that involved damage or theft of property and those crimes that involved violence directed at other individuals. The criminal behavior variables represent the number of different crimes within each category that each individual reported committing in the last 6 months.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Self-Control as a Multidimensional Predictor of Crime and Drug Use in Adolescents with Criminal Histories

Conner

Stein

Longshore

2008

J Behav Health Serv Res

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The general theory of crime posits that variability in propensities to engage in crime and deviance is partly a function of individual differences in low self-control (LSC). LSC is hypothesized to comprise of six subdomains: impulsiveness, preference for physical activities, risk seeking, self-centeredness, preference for simple tasks, and volatile temper. Using structural equation modeling, LSC was examined to determine if a global self-control measure or a multidimensional measure of its subdomains was a more salient predictor of violent and property crimes and drug use among adolescent male offenders (n=317). Only the multidimensional model adequately fit the data. Risk seeking predicted violent and property crimes, whereas volatile temper predicted violent crimes and drug use. The general theory of crime may obscure differences in the explanatory power of selfcontrol subfactors for specific types of crime, especially within at-risk youth. Findings have implications for effective interventions among adolescent males with criminal histories.According to the general theory of crime, 1 variation in the propensity to engage in crime and deviance is primarily a function of individual differences in self-control, which is conceptualized as a latent personality trait. Gottfredson and Hirschi 1 defined self-control as the degree to which a person is "vulnerable to the temptations of the moment" (p. 87) . Those that are more vulnerable to these temptations are described as having low self-control.Gottfredson and Hirschi 1 defined low self-control using six distinct characteristics: (1) the tendency to have a here-and-now orientation, preferring immediate reward with an inability to defer gratification, (2) a preference for physical rather than cognitive activities, (3) adventurousness and a preference for engaging in risky activities, (4) self-centeredness or insensitivity to the needs of others, (5) a preference for simple gratifications and avoidance of complex tasks, and (6) minimal tolerance for frustration, which is characterized as responding to conflict in a physical rather than verbal manner. Gottfredson and Hirschi 1 argued that low self-control arises from ineffective socialization early in life and is a stable trait that persists over the lifespan. Additionally, they view low self-control as the primary individual-level factor In order to measure an individual's level of self-control, Grasmick and colleagues developed the low self-control scale (LSC). 2 The LSC contains 24 items arranged into six subscales: impulsiveness, preference for physical activities, risk seeking, self-centeredness, preference for simple tasks, and volatile temper. These subscales represent interpretations by Grasmick and colleagues of the tenets of Gottfredson and Hirschi's self-control construct. 1 Grasmick and colleagues' analyses of data collected during scale construction indicated that the LSC scale could not be explained by a single factor, but that a six factor solution was more appropriate. Despite this result, howe...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Self-Control as a Multidimensional Predictor of Crime and Drug Use in Adolescents with Criminal Histories

Conner

Stein

Longshore

2008

J Behav Health Serv Res

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“…La délinquance de marché s'actualise à coups de transaction ponctuelle entre parties consentantes, qu'il s'agisse de contrebande, de revente de biens volés ou fraudés, de prêt usuraire, 6. Voir, par exemple, les travaux de Grasmick et al (1993), Nagin et Paternoster (1993), Piquero et Tibbets (1996), Longshore et al (1996), Sellers (1999), et Delisi et al (2003). de proxénétisme ou de trafic de drogues illicites.…”

Section: Mesurer Le Capital Social Des Réseaux De Co-délinquanceunclassified

“…La délinquance d'appropriation, quant à elle, est intrinsèquement antagonique et prend la forme d'attaques contre autrui ou contre leurs biens (cambriolages, vols qualifiés, fraudes, vols de véhicules, etc.). Les distributions des lambdas individuels étant très asymétriques (voir tableau 1), nous les avons également normalisées par transformation logarithmique (une stratégie utilisée également par Longshore et al, 1996et Tremblay et Morselli, 2000. Les moyennes géométriques des données présentées dans le tableau 1 indiquent que les délinquants de cet échantillon avaient commis en moyenne 9 « attaques prédatrices » et participé à 91 transactions illicites au cours des 36 mois de la période d'analyse.…”

Section: Mesurer Le Capital Social Des Réseaux De Co-délinquanceunclassified

Délinquance, performance et capital social : une théorie sociologique des carrières criminelles1

Morselli

Tremblay

2005

crimino

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RésuméCet article soutient la thèse selon laquelle le capital social des délinquants leur permet d’augmenter de manière significative les revenus qu’ils retirent de leurs activités. La démarche utilisée pour rendre opératoire cette proposition a pour effet de renouveler de différentes façons la sociologie criminelle : il ne suffit pas de savoir si un délinquant « fréquente » d’autres délinquants ou non, il faut mesurer la qualité relationnelle et instrumentale des rapports qu’il entretient avec eux et son aptitude à exploiter les opportunités qu’ils ouvrent ; il ne suffit pas de qualifier les délinquants de « chroniques » ou d’« occasionnels », il faut plutôt se demander si leur trajectoire délinquante est « réussie » ou non ; et, finalement, il ne suffit pas de décrire les trajectoires délinquantes, il faut en resituer l’analyse dans le contexte plus large des parcours individuels et collectifs de mobilité professionnelle. Un des bénéfices marginaux d’une telle approche est de remettre en cause la thèse selon laquelle les délinquants seraient inaptes au « succès » en raison de leur témérité, de leur impulsivité ou de leur présentisme. Les données de l’étude proviennent d’entrevues auprès d’un échantillon de 156 détenus fédéraux dans le cadre d’une enquête qui s’intéressait à leur situation financière durant les trois années qui avaient précédé leur incarcération actuelle.

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“…Research studies concerned with validity have been done for a large variety of diferent ields of knowledge, including Education [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], Psychology [13][14][15][16], Marketing [17], Management [18], Employment [19], Nursing [20], Criminal issues [21], Animal studies [22], Sports [23], Nutrition and Food Science [24], Health [25][26][27], and Rehabilitation Science [1,2]. Regarding the number of research studies about validity that are available in the literature for diferent disciplines, Education, Psychology, and Marketing are the ields that are most prominent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity in Rehabilitation Research: Description and Classification

Salimi¹,

Ferguson-Pell²

2017

Physical Disabilities - Therapeutic Implications

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There is a considerable body of literature on research validity across diferent disciplines.With regard to rehabilitation research, however, this body is narrow and warrants further consideration. Classiication of research validity has been considered and developed over the past six decades; however, a literature search returned no comprehensive discussion that has gathered all available classiications under an overarching umbrella. The aim of this chapter is to provide an all-inclusive classiication of diferent types of research validity, focusing on rehabilitation research. A basic review of the body of literature available was conducted. Diferent classiications of validity in the literature were recognized, considered, uniied, and are presented in this chapter. Moreover, the main threats to each type of validity and some strategies to minimize them are discussed. A classiication of all types of validity in rehabilitation research is presented in this chapter. Furthermore, the mater of priority between these research validities is discussed. It is concluded that while all types of research validities are important to be considered, maximizing all of them in one research project is sometimes controversial. Thus, researchers should make a situation-based trade-of between diferent aspects of validity in order to optimize the overall validity of their research.

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Self‐control in a Criminal Sample: An Examination of Construct Validity*

Abstract: Favorable evidence on the validity of the Grasmick et al. ( I 993) selfcontrol scale has been reported in studies using general populationsamples. However, the scale has never been tested among persons

Cited by 275 publications

References 27 publications

Examining Self-Control as a Multidimensional Predictor of Crime and Drug Use in Adolescents with Criminal Histories

Examining Self-Control as a Multidimensional Predictor of Crime and Drug Use in Adolescents with Criminal Histories

Délinquance, performance et capital social : une théorie sociologique des carrières criminelles1

Validity in Rehabilitation Research: Description and Classification

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