Self-Control in Adult Humans: Effects of Counting and Timing

Higher impulsivity after exposure to the internet for individuals with high but not low levels of self-reported problematic internet behaviours

“…In fact, under some conditions, may not lead to the optimal outcomes. In fact, some studies find that humans demonstrate a bias toward self-control, rather than optimizing (Kirk & Logue, 1996;Reed et al, 2011;Sonuga-Barke, Lea, and Webley, 1989). For example, Kirk and Logue (1996) noted that adult humans tended to pick a larger, delayed reinforcer, even when this choice did not lead to the greatest overall number of reinforcing outcomes.…”

“…In fact, some studies find that humans demonstrate a bias toward self-control, rather than optimizing (Kirk & Logue, 1996;Reed et al, 2011;Sonuga-Barke, Lea, and Webley, 1989). For example, Kirk and Logue (1996) noted that adult humans tended to pick a larger, delayed reinforcer, even when this choice did not lead to the greatest overall number of reinforcing outcomes. In order to explore this issue, a three-alternative choice procedure is needed, which was previously developed by Reed et al (2011), where one alternative reflects 'impulsivity' (small-immediate, reinforcers), one 'self-control' (large-delayed reinforcers), and a third option leads to optimal performance (a reinforcer with intermediate size and delay).…”

Atividade Durante O Atraso: Efeitos Sobre a Escolha Entre Autocontrole E Impulsividade

“…A utilização de ambos os modelos tem indicado que a execução de atividades durante o atraso do reforço afeta a escolha entre as alternativas de AC e de IP (e.g., Andrade, 2005;Dixon e cols., 1998;Grosh & Neuringer, 1981;Kirk & Logue, 1996;Logue & Pena-Correal, 1984;Mischel, Ebbesen & Zeiss, 1972;Peake, Hebl & Mischel, 2002). No estudo de Peake e cols.…”

“…Em outra condição experimental, a atividade durante o atraso não produzia fichas. Os resultados indicaram que a realização do jogo durante o atraso aumentou as escolhas pelo elo de AC, mas apenas quando essa atividade aumentava o total de fichas obtidas nesse elo (ver também Baquero, 2005;Dixon & Cummings, 2001;Dixon e cols., 1998;Dixon, Rehfeldt & Randich, 2003;Kirk & Logue, 1996).…”

Treino de autocontrole como facilitador de comportamentos saudáveis em indivíduos obesos

“…Baseando-se na definição proposta por Skinner (1953Skinner ( /1981, Rachlin (1970) King & Logue, 1990;Kirk & Logue, 1996;Logue & King, 1991;Logue, Pena-Correal, Rodriguez & Kabela, 1986). Forzano e Logue (1992), no entanto, encontraram preferência por impulsividade.…”