Self-control, Victimization, and their Influence on Risky Lifestyles: A Longitudinal Analysis Using Panel Data

Secondary Exposure to Violence During Childhood and Adolescence: Does Neighborhood Context Matter?

“…This effect is consistent with criminological research which shows that youth with low self-control are more at risk for engaging in delinquency, associating with other delinquent youth, being personally victimized, and putting themselves in high risk situations that could amplify the likelihood of being exposed (Pratt & Cullen, 2000;Schreck, 1999;Schreck et al, 2006). This finding suggests that to limit exposure to secondary violence and its consequences, intervention efforts should start early to target selfcontrol development, as Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990) argue that the development of self-control occurs by late childhood and then remains relatively stable throughout the life-course.…”

“…In fact, those between the ages of 12 and 17 have historically had the highest rates of violent victimization compared to other age groups (Rennison, 2002). While violent victimization of youth has been a topic of much empirical research (Lauritsen, Laub, & Sampson, 1992;Piquero & Hickman, 2003;Piquero, MacDonald, Dobrin, Daigle, & Cullen, 2005;Schreck, 1999;Schreck, Stewart, & Fisher, 2006;Schreck, Wright, & Miller, 2002;Stewart, Sterk, & Elifson, 2004), youth in the United States are vulnerable to other forms of violence that are also important due to the adverse consequences related to them (see Buka, Stichick, Birdthistle, & Earls, 2001). One of these is secondary exposure to violence defined as witnessing or hearing violence, as opposed to primary violence, i.e., being the victim of a physically violent act (Buka et al, 2001).…”

Offending and Victimization in the Digital Age: Comparing Correlates of Cybercrime and Traditional Offending-Only, Victimization-Only and the Victimization-Offending Overlap

“…People, who spend more time with delinquent friends and/or in places where crimes take place, are more at risk of being victimized and also have more criminal opportunities (e.g., Jensen and Brownfield 1986;Lauritsen, Sampson, and Laub 1991;Sampson and Lauritsen 1990;Schreck, Wright and Miller 2002). In addition, impulsivity and low self-control can directly increase victimization and offending (e.g., Gottfredson and Hirschi 1990;Jennings et al 2010;Piquero et al 2005;Pratt et al 2014), but also indirectly through the association between low self-control and increased time spent in criminogenic settings (e.g., Schreck 1999;Schreck, Stewart, and Fisher 2006). Similarly, substance abuse is a clear risk factor for traditional victimization and offending (e.g., Berg and Felson 2016;Longshore et al 2004;Turanovic and Pratt 2013).…”

Unpacking the Influence of Neighborhood Context and Antisocial Propensity on Violent Victimization of Children and Adolescents in Chicago

“…He developed a theoretical argument as to why those who are deficient in self-control are more likely to be victims of crime. Since, several studies have replicated his findings using other samples and have extended them by showing that those possessing low selfcontrol are more likely to be repeat victims of crime Schreck, Stewart, & Fisher, 2006).…”

“…Employing various samples and methods, recent research by Schreck and others (e.g., Higgins et al, 2010;Schreck, Stewart, & Fisher, 2006;Stewart, Elifson, & Sterk, 2004) shows that those who possess lower self-control are at increased risk for violent victimization. This research has shown that low self-control influences violent victimization independent of lifestyles and other risk factors such as peers, indicating that the presence of self-control can independently make a situation safer while low self-control can worsen personal safety and one's possessions in even an otherwise innocuous situation (Schreck et al, 2002;Stewart et al, 2004).…”