Self-Criticism, Dependency, Self-Esteem, and Grade Point Average Satisfaction Among Clusters of Perfectionists and Nonperfectionists.

Abstract

1996) yielded 3 clusters that represented adaptive perfectionists, maladaptive perfectionists, and nonperfectionists. Maladaptive perfectionist scores were strongly correlated with self-critical depression, but not dependent depression. Adaptive perfectionist scores were correlated with higher self-esteem and greater satisfaction with grade point average (GPA). It was hypothesized that satisfaction with GPA would moderate the relationship between cluster membership and GPA, and that participant gender would moderate the relationship between cluster membership and self-esteem. Neither hypothesis was supported. A comparison of the cluster groups from this sample with those in 2 previous samples (K. G. Rice & R. B. Slaney, 2002) indicated similar scores between clusters. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.

Perfectionism and Performance

“…Regarding the studies on perfectionism and academic performance, the overwhelming majority shows that perfectionistic strivings are positively associated with academic performance: students with higher levels of perfectionistic strivings show higher exam performance, higher individual grades, and a higher GPA than students with lower levels of perfectionistic strivings (Accordino, Accordino, & Slaney, 2000;Bieling, Israeli, Smith, & Antony, 2003;Blankstein, Dunkley, & Wilson, 2008;Blankstein & Winkworth, 2004;Brown et al, 1999;Castro & Rice, 2003;Enns, Cox, Sareen, & Freeman, 2001;Grzegorek, Slaney, Franze, & Rice, 2004;Kawamura, Frost, & Harmatz, 2002;Leenaars & Lester, 2006;Nounopoulos, Ashby, & Gilman, 2006;Rice & Ashby, 2007;Sevlever & Rice, 2010;Stoeber & Eismann, 2007;Stoeber & Rambow, 2007;Vandiver & Worrell, 2002;Verner-Filion & Gaudreau, 2010;Witcher, Alexander, Onwuegbuzie, Collins, & Witcher, 2007). In contrast, the relationship of perfectionistic concerns with academic performance is less clear.…”

“…In all three studies, healthy perfectionists had a higher GPA than nonperfectionists. Moreover, in two studies (Rice & Slaney, 2002, Studies 1 and 2), healthy perfectionists also had a higher GPA than unhealthy perfectionists, whereas in one study (Grzegorek et al, 2004) healthy perfectionists did not. Instead, healthy and unhealthy perfectionists both had a higher GPA than nonperfectionists.…”

“…Figure 1) and found significant GPA differences between the three groups (Grzegorek et al, 2004;Rice & Slaney, 2002, Studies 1 and 2). In all three studies, healthy perfectionists had a higher GPA than nonperfectionists.…”

Étude longitudinale du rôle du soutien conditionnel parental dans l’anxiété d’évaluation de l’élève

“…En effet, se fixant ainsi des standards de performance élevés pour se sentir approuvé par ses parents, l'élève peut la plupart du temps avoir l'impression qu'il n'atteindra jamais -sinon rarement -ces standards et qu'il est peu compétent. C'est bien ce qu'ont montré plusieurs études menées chez des participants d'âges variés (Bouffard, Vezeau, Chouinard et Marcotte, 2006;Flett et al, 2002;Grzegorek, Rice, Slaney et Franze, 2004). Sur le plan du fonctionnement scolaire de l'élève, les consé-quences associées à une perception de compétence scolaire faible sont nombreuses : moins de persévérance et d'autonomie, préférence pour les travaux comportant peu de défis, anxiété accrue en situation d'évaluation, etc.…”

Perfectionism and Well-being in Graduate, Undergraduate and Ph.D. Students: Adaptive versus Maladaptive

“…Psychological wellbeing is related to the people's reactions to the pressures of everyday life (Ryff & Keyes, 1995) which contains emotions and people's everyday assessments of their lives (Heeman, 2008;Lyubomirsky, Dickerhoof, Boehm, & Sheldon, 2011). The prevalence of perfectionism among university students is reported high (Rice & Ashby, 2007); therefore the problems caused by it have the relatively high frequency (Grzegorek, Slaney, Franze, & Rice, 2004). For example, Kornblum and Ainley (2005) reported levels of perfectionism among distinguished students higher than average students.…”