Self-delivery biomedicine for enhanced photodynamic therapy by feedback promotion of tumor autophagy

Ce6 nanoassemblies: Molecular mechanism and strategies for combinational anticancer therapy

“…A nanoparticle self-assembled from Ce6 and autophagy promoter celastrol was developed with excellent PDT performance and autophagy regulation capacity. [96] The ROS generation upon PDT can amplify the oxidative stress and promote cell autophagy, which functions cooperatively with celastrol for sensitized PDT and enhanced antitumor efficacy by promoting autophagy.…”

Disrupting redox homeostasis for tumor therapy based on PDT/chemo/ferroptosis therapeutic hybrid liposomes

“…[1][2][3] However, PDT as a monotherapy oen suffers from incomplete tumor ablation due to limited light penetration in tissue, hypoxia induced insufficient oxygen supply in solid tumors, challenges in treating metastases, and resistance to the oxidative escape mechanism of the tumor microenvironment (e.g., PDT-induced DNA damage response, which in turn upregulates glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)). 4,5 To date, numerous reports have demonstrated that combined therapy holds great promise for tumor treatment. [6][7][8] Notably, there are multiple approaches to disrupt intracellular redox homeostasis during antitumor therapy.…”

“…, PDT-induced DNA damage response, which in turn upregulates glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)). 4,5 To date, numerous reports have demonstrated that combined therapy holds great promise for tumor treatment. 6–8 Notably, there are multiple approaches to disrupt intracellular redox homeostasis during antitumor therapy.…”

Doxorubicin-Fe(III)-Gossypol Infinite Coordination Polymer@PDA:CuO2 Composite Nanoparticles for Cost-Effective Programmed Photothermal-Chemodynamic-Coordinated Dual Drug Chemotherapy Trimodal Synergistic Tumor Therapy

“…9,10 Therefore, PTT is most effective for treating large tumors in the early stages of treatment, but it is not suitable for long-term treatment of scattered medium-or small-sized tumors for longer periods. Dynamic therapy is a type of tumor treatment that utilizes free radicals to destroy tumor cells, including photodynamic (PDT), 11 chemodynamic (CDT), 12 thermodynamic (TTD), 13 etc. 14 CDT converts hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) accumulated in tumor sites into hydroxyl radicals (•OH) to attack and destroy the tumors through chemical reactions.…”

“…PTT is known for its high intensity and short treatment time (a few minutes), which makes it effective in eliminating large solid tumors. − However, the limited penetration depth of the NIR laser limits its efficacy in treating deep tumors, and excessive irradiation time with the NIR laser can harm surrounding normal tissues rather than improve treatment outcomes for small- or medium-sized tumors. , Therefore, PTT is most effective for treating large tumors in the early stages of treatment, but it is not suitable for long-term treatment of scattered medium- or small-sized tumors for longer periods. Dynamic therapy is a type of tumor treatment that utilizes free radicals to destroy tumor cells, including photodynamic (PDT), chemodynamic (CDT), thermodynamic (TTD), etc . CDT converts hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) accumulated in tumor sites into hydroxyl radicals (·OH) to attack and destroy the tumors through chemical reactions. − Although CDT is effective in continuously killing scattered medium/small-sized tumors due to its deep tumor penetration with medium-intensity treatment and longer duration (several hours), its efficiency in treating large-sized tumors is limited because of insufficient endogenous H 2 O 2 and the existence of antioxidant systems (e.g., glutathione, GSH) in tumor tissues. ,,− To overcome this limitation, CDT is often combined with other therapeutic modalities for better results.…”