“…Despite the fact that the observed associations might partially reflect a common method bias (Podsakoff, MacKenzie, & Podsakoff, ), it is rather unlikely that this bias fully accounts for the estimated mean population correlations. In fact, some primary studies that we included in our meta‐analysis tested for the presence of common method bias by the single‐factor‐method or confirmatory factor analysis (Podsakoff et al, ), but did not find evidence of a systematic bias in their results (Chi & Liang, ; Graves & Luciano, ; Johnson, ; Liu, Siu, & Shi, ; Mackey, Ellen, Hochwarter, & Ferris, ; Perry, Witt, Penney, & Atwater, ; Walsh, Dupré, & Arnold, ). Moreover, some longitudinal primary studies reveal that the systematic associations between leadership and mental health outcomes remain rather constant over time (e.g., Britt, Dickinson, Moore, Castro, & Adler, ; Burnfield, ; Epitropaki & Martin, ; Feldt, Kinnunen, & Mauno, ; van Dierendonck et al, ), and therefore, they seem to be relatively robust against biases arising from the specific circumstances of measurement at a single time point.…”