1997
DOI: 10.1177/074171369704800103
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Self-Directed Learning: Toward a Comprehensive Model

Abstract: Self-directed learning is a core theoretical construct distinguishing adult education as a field of study. Most of the concept's emphasis has been on the external control and management of learning tasks. In an attempt to expand the scope of self-directed learning, this paper presents a comprehensive theoretical model. The proposed model integrates self-management (contextual control), self-monitoring (cognitive responsibility), and motivational (entering and task) dimensions to reflect a meaningful and worthw… Show more

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Cited by 927 publications
(897 citation statements)
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“…These theories are co-related to each other in a way that underlies the crucial perspectives of the self-directed learning of adult learners (Garrison, 1997;Pilling-Cormick, 1997;Livingstone & Sawchuk, 1999;Merriam, 2001). Furthermore, as adult learners, their learning approaches are diverse; as they depend on their responsibilities and the time they spend on learning.…”
Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…These theories are co-related to each other in a way that underlies the crucial perspectives of the self-directed learning of adult learners (Garrison, 1997;Pilling-Cormick, 1997;Livingstone & Sawchuk, 1999;Merriam, 2001). Furthermore, as adult learners, their learning approaches are diverse; as they depend on their responsibilities and the time they spend on learning.…”
Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The comprehensive conceptual framework of this study is based on the theories and works of researchers in cases involving the self-directed learning of adult learners (Garrison, 1997;Pilling-Cormick, 1997: Livingstone & Sawchuk, 1999Merriam, 2001), DGBL in L2 learning as a self-study tool (Warschauer & Healey, 1998;Prensky, 2001;Gee, 2005) and an IL environment using self-study tools (Holec, 1981;Ranabahu & Tamala, 2006). These theories are co-related to each other in a way that underlies the crucial perspectives of the self-directed learning of adult learners (Garrison, 1997;Pilling-Cormick, 1997;Livingstone & Sawchuk, 1999;Merriam, 2001).…”
Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Self-directed learning as a concept is derived from adult learning theories that position the learner to have a sense of personal autonomy in their learning. This personal autonomy can be seen as learners taking control of the goals and purposes of learning and assuming ownership of learning (Garrison 1997, Merriam et al 2007, Knowles et al 2015. In addition, studies on self-directed learning claim that in day-to-day learning employees 'are responsible for most of the detailed decision-making about learning, including choices what to learn, how to learn, and at what pace the learning will occur' (Confessore and Kops 1998, pp.…”
Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…From a constructive perspective, learning is considered to be both individual and social (Mann et al, 2011). Learning can be understood as an individual and a collective endeavor, where the individual axle of learning includes theories of cognitive psychology (Shuell, 1986;Bruning et al, 1999), surface and deep learning (Marton & Booth, 2000), reflective learning (Brockbank & McGill, 2007;Mezirow, 1991), self-directed learning (Garrison, 1997;Merriam, 2004) and transformational learning (Mezirow, 1991). The tutor has thus a key role in facilitating the students´ advancing their knowledge from their point of departure until the end of their thesis.…”
Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning
confidence: 99%