Self-healable fiber-reinforced vitrimer composites: overview and future prospects

Sharma, Harsh; Rana, Sravendra; Singh, Poonam; Hayashi, Mikihiro; Binder, Wolfgang H.; Rossegger, Elisabeth; Kumar, Ajay; Schlögl, Sandra

doi:10.1039/d2ra05103f

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…For a more exhaustive report on vitrimer composites, the reader is directed to our recent review 12 and some other related reports. 13,14 Among the many different chemistries implemented or purposely developed by chemists 11,15−17 for vitrimers, only a few of them have been used in the context of composites: transesterification, 18,19 transamination of vinylogous urethanes, 20,21 disulfide exchanges, 22,23 and imine exchanges, 24,25 diversity is strongly connected to the limited large-scale commercial availability of dynamic chemical precursors, preventing the use of sophisticated chemical platforms. In addition to simple availability considerations, their implementation in practical industrial applications is not straightforward, especially for aeronautics where the qualification process is very strict and lengthy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, strong enthusiasm has emerged from the composite community to implement the recently developed dynamic chemistries for industrially relevant composite parts. For a more exhaustive report on vitrimer composites, the reader is directed to our recent review and some other related reports. , Among the many different chemistries implemented or purposely developed by chemists ,− for vitrimers, only a few of them have been used in the context of composites: transesterification, , transamination of vinylogous urethanes, , disulfide exchanges, , and imine exchanges, , to name the most popular ones. This poor diversity is strongly connected to the limited large-scale commercial availability of dynamic chemical precursors, preventing the use of sophisticated chemical platforms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the Limits of High-T_g Epoxy Vitrimers Produced through Resin-Transfer Molding

Schenk,

D’Elia,

Olivier

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Over the past few years, scientists have developed new ways to overcome the recycling issues of conventional thermosets with the introduction of associative covalent adaptable networks (i.e., vitrimers) in polymer materials. Even though various end-use vitrimers have already been reported, just a few of them have targeted high-performance industrial applications. Herein, we develop a promising high-performance epoxy vitrimer based on a commercially available resin widely used in aeronautics with the highest glass transition temperature (T g ) of 233 °C ever reported for a vitrimer. A complete study of its physicochemical properties and cure kinetics was conducted, enabling the construction of the first time−temperature−transformation (TTT) diagram reported in the literature. This diagram allows a full determination of the processing and curing parameters leading to the manufacturing of vitrimer samples by the resin-transfer molding (RTM) process. The reshapability and limits therefrom of this high-T g vitrimer were evaluated by three successful thermoforming cycles without degradation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Limits of High-T_g Epoxy Vitrimers Produced through Resin-Transfer Molding

Schenk,

D’Elia,

Olivier

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Since the publication of the seminal article by Leibler and co-workers the interest for vitrimersthe novel class of materials proposed in that workhas rapidly increased (see, e.g., the recent reviews − ). Vitrimers consist of permanent networks containing dynamic bonds that allow the topology of the network to change, keeping always constant number of cross-links.…”

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confidence: 99%

Microscopic Evidence for the Topological Transition in Model Vitrimers

Arbe,

Alegría,

Colmenero

et al. 2023

ACS Macro Lett.

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In addition to the glass transition, vitrimers undergo a topological transition from viscoelastic liquid to viscoelastic solid behavior when the network rearrangements facilitated by dynamic bond exchange reactions freeze. The microscopic observation of this transition is elusive. Model polyisoprene vitrimers based on imine dynamic covalent bonds were synthesized by reaction of α,ω-dialdehyde-functionalized polyisoprenes and a tris(2aminoethyl)amine. In these dynamic networks nanophase separation of polymer and reactive groups leads to the emergence of a relevant length scale characteristic for the network structure. We exploited the scattering sensitivity to structural features at different length scales to determine how dynamical and topological arrests affect correlations at segmental and network levels. Chains expand obeying the same expansion coefficient throughout the entire viscoelastic region, i.e., both in the elastomeric regime and in the liquid regime. The onset of liquid-like behavior is only apparent at the mesoscale, where the scattering reveals the reorganization of the network triggered by bond exchange events. The such determined "microscopic" topological transition temperature is compared with the outcome of "conventional" methods, namely viscosimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. We show that using proper thermal (aging-like) protocols, this transition is also nicely revealed by the latter.

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“…implanted into composite materials. [26,27] Various types of composite vitrimers have been reported with different fillers, such as silica particles, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and cellulose derivatives. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34] The addition of fillers does not deteriorate the bond exchange nature, although bond exchange rate is slowed by the addition of fillers in general.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Silica Composite Vitrimers via One‐Shot Transformation from Simple Polyesters

Kimura

Hayashi

2023

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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To solve the conventional problems of chemically cross‐linked polymers, the vitrimer concept has attracted great attention because the associative bond‐exchange nature in vitrimers provides sustainable functions. So far, various vitrimer designs have been reported using different polymer species with compatible bond exchange mechanisms. However, the biggest barrier for the practical application may be the elaborated functional group modification of the starting components and the limited availability of suitable monomers. As a much simpler preparation, recently, a one‐shot preparation of vitrimers from commodity polyesters with no special reactive functional groups by blending and heating with tetra‐functional epoxy molecules and base catalysts has been proposed. In this study, further one‐shot preparation of composite vitrimers with silica nanoparticles (SNPs) is developed. The effects of SNPs on the cross‐linking process and thermo/mechanical properties are first assessed, which reveals the formation of a bound rubber phase on the surfaces of the SNPs. The bound rubber phase also affects the bond exchange features of vitrimers, especially the distribution of relaxation time. Overall, the present facile preparation of composite vitrimers with enhanced mechanical properties could be a hint for practical application, whereas the knowledge on the unique relaxation behaviors of composite vitrimers should be beneficial in the fundamental sense.

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Self-healable fiber-reinforced vitrimer composites: overview and future prospects

Abstract: The article covers the outstanding features of fiber-reinforced vitrimer composites, including their reprocessing, recycling and self-healing properties.

Cited by 33 publications

References 117 publications

Exploring the Limits of High-T_g Epoxy Vitrimers Produced through Resin-Transfer Molding

Exploring the Limits of High-T_g Epoxy Vitrimers Produced through Resin-Transfer Molding

Microscopic Evidence for the Topological Transition in Model Vitrimers

Preparation of Silica Composite Vitrimers via One‐Shot Transformation from Simple Polyesters

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Self-healable fiber-reinforced vitrimer composites: overview and future prospects

Abstract: The article covers the outstanding features of fiber-reinforced vitrimer composites, including their reprocessing, recycling and self-healing properties.

Cited by 33 publications

References 117 publications

Exploring the Limits of High-Tg Epoxy Vitrimers Produced through Resin-Transfer Molding

Exploring the Limits of High-Tg Epoxy Vitrimers Produced through Resin-Transfer Molding

Microscopic Evidence for the Topological Transition in Model Vitrimers

Preparation of Silica Composite Vitrimers via One‐Shot Transformation from Simple Polyesters

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Exploring the Limits of High-T_g Epoxy Vitrimers Produced through Resin-Transfer Molding

Exploring the Limits of High-T_g Epoxy Vitrimers Produced through Resin-Transfer Molding