Self-holding photochromic polymer Mach–Zehnder optical switch

Ebisawa, Fumihiro; Hoshino, Mitsutoshi; Sukegawa, Ken

doi:10.1063/1.112530

Cited by 80 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The typical refractive index difference between the core and cladding for a single-mode waveguide is known to be about 0.3%. [13] Hence, the large photoinduced refractive index change (A 0.01) in the present results demonstrates that it is possible to make a thermostable optical waveguide device utilizing an alicyclic polyimide film containing phenylazide as a photoreactive electron-donor generator.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Large Photoinduced Refractive Index Change in a Polyimide Film by Charge-Transfer Complex Formation with a Polymer-Bound Phenylazide Fragment

Kashiyama

Jianguo

Machida

et al. 2001

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Large Photoinduced Refractive Index Change in a Polyimide Film by Charge-Transfer Complex Formation with a Polymer-Bound Phenylazide Fragment

Kashiyama

Jianguo

Machida

et al. 2001

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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“…a photocyclization and photocycloreversion reaction. Besides color, photochromic molecules or compounds can also change refractive index and redox potentials or other properties digitally between two states [126][127][128]. Furthermore, molecular crystals based on photochromic compounds can exhibit light-induced rapid and reversible macroscopic changes in shape and size.…”

Section: Photochromic Conjugatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoswitches: Key molecules for subdiffraction‐resolution fluorescence imaging and molecular quantification

Heilemann

Dedecker

Hofkens

et al. 2009

Laser & Photonics Reviews

249

191

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Optical microscopes, often referred to as 'light microscopes', use visible light and a system of lenses to provide us with magnified images of small samples. Combined with highly sensitive fluorescence detection techniques and efficient fluorescent probes they allow the non-invasive 3D study of subcellular structures even in living cells or tissue. However, optical microscopes are subject to the diffraction barrier of light which imposes an optical resolution limit of approximately 200 nm in the imaging plane. In the recent past new techniques emerged that break the diffraction barrier and enable structural investigations with so far unmatched resolution. They are all based on the selective switching of fluorophores between a fluorescent and a nonfluorescent state and are therefore generalized under the denotation "Photoswitching Microscopy". Here we review recent progress in subdiffraction-resolution fluorescence imaging microscopy using various photoswitchable fluorophores and strategies. Special emphasis will be placed on the design and development of photoswitches and the requirements photoswitches have to fulfill for successful use in photoswitching microscopy. Moreover, we demonstrate how photoswitches can be used advantageously for molecular quantification, i.e. the determination of densities and absolute numbers of proteins located in specific subcellular compartments and discuss concepts how standard organic fluorophores can be used successfully for photoswitching microscopy.All subdiffraction-resolution fluorescence imaging methods are based on the separation of fluorescence emission in time. Thus, they critically depend on the availability of photoswitches, i.e. molecules that can be switched between a fluorescent and nonfluorescent state upon irradiation with light with high reliability. Here we describe the development and operation methods of diverse photoswitches and their application for superresolution fluorescence imaging and molecular quantification.

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“…Relative coloring quantum yields for silsesquioxane film and polysiloxane solution samples, I 0 N U AeB , were calculated from the slopes, e A , C 0 /C B (v) (=100/Conv(C)) values as shown in Tab. 5. The values for the samples having methyl-substituted dithienylethene (PMC, MMC, SMC) were larger than those for the samples having methoxy-substituted dithienylethene (POC, MOC, SOC).…”

Section: Photoisomerizationmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…5. The activation energy values obtained from the slope were 0 -1 and 1 -3 kcal/ mol for coloring and bleaching processes, respectively.…”

Section: Photoisomerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of silsesquioxanes having photochromic dithienylethene pendant groups

Nakashima¹,

Irie²

1999

Macromol. Chem. Phys.

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SUMMARY: Silsesquioxanes having 1-(2-methoxy-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)-2-[5-(4-butylphenyl)-2, 4-dimethylthiophen-3-yl]perfluorocyclopentenes as the pendant groups were synthesized. Photochemical conversion from the open-ring to the closed-ring forms of the dithienylethenes increases when the methyl group at 2-position of the benzothiophene ring is replaced by a methoxy group. The conversion is dependent on the content of dithienylethene in the polymer chain. No appreciable difference in the photochemical conversion was observed below and above the glass transition temperature (T g ) of the polymer films. The activation energies of coloration and bleach processes were obtained to be 0 -1 and 1 -3 kcal/mol, respectively.

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Self-holding photochromic polymer Mach–Zehnder optical switch

Cited by 80 publications

References 7 publications

Large Photoinduced Refractive Index Change in a Polyimide Film by Charge-Transfer Complex Formation with a Polymer-Bound Phenylazide Fragment

Large Photoinduced Refractive Index Change in a Polyimide Film by Charge-Transfer Complex Formation with a Polymer-Bound Phenylazide Fragment

Photoswitches: Key molecules for subdiffraction‐resolution fluorescence imaging and molecular quantification

Synthesis of silsesquioxanes having photochromic dithienylethene pendant groups

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