Self-Interested versus Third-Party Allocations of Rewards

Griffith, W. I.; Sell, Jane; Parker, Megan

doi:10.2307/2787003

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Furthermore, these results demonstrate how evaluations of defensive actions toward a third party guide awarding behavior in rewarding who performed a defensive action to protect a victim from an aggressor, extending previous studies on deservingness based on protective interventions (Geraci, 2020), work contribution (Sloane et al, 2012), or help actions (Surian & Franchin, 2017). These results excluded the possibility that toddlers’ selfish motives guided allocations of rewards (Fehr et al, 2008; Griffith et al, 1993), supporting the decisive role of evaluation in awarding behaviors. In particular, these findings on personal preferences extend findings of a study on helping (Hamlin et al, 2011), in which the authors found that 8‐ and 23‐month‐olds preferred a character who acted negatively toward antisocial individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…These findings support the claim that toddlers’ evaluations affect their awarding behaviors. Previous studies claimed that young children's selfish motives could drive allocations of a valuable resource in the face‐to‐face interactions (Fehr et al, 2008; Griffith et al, 1993). To explore this claim, in the current work a reward allocation task was planned using some real baby biscuits that are more precious and familiar rather than the fake and unfamiliar biscuits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How do toddlers evaluate defensive actions toward third parties?

Geraci

2020

Infancy

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Defensive behavior is a central aspect of social life and provides benefits to the self and others. Recent evidence reveals that infants evaluate third parties' prosocial and antisocial actions. Three experiments were carried out to assess toddlers' reactions to defensive and non-defensive events (N = 54). In two experiments, infants' looking times and manual choices provided converging evidence that 20-month-olds understand and evaluate defensive actions, by showing that they prefer the defensive puppet over the non-defensive puppet and that they reason on the bystander puppet's disposition. In the third experiment, toddlers rewarded the defensive puppet rather than the non-defensive puppet, revealing how their evaluations guided awarding behaviors of defensive actions toward the third party. The results support the developmental stability and provide evidence of a rich and well-organized prosociality that before the second year of life proves to be based on some moral principles and linked with a sophisticated psychological reasoning. The findings shed light on the claims that human capacities for the social evaluation of defensive behaviors toward third parties are rooted in evolved cooperative systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do toddlers evaluate defensive actions toward third parties?

Geraci

2020

Infancy

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“…Much research in the expectations states tradition suggests that gender is like other diffuse status characteristics (e.g., race, level of education, or socioeconomic status) and generates expectations that influence behavior in much the same way as these other status characteristics. Like these other status characteristics, the effects of gender can be overcome and reversed by the manipulation of other status characteristics and/or information relevant to the experimental tasks (Freese and Cohen 1973; Pugh and Wahrman 1983; Smith‐Lovin, Skvoretz, and Hudson 1986; Wood and Karten 1986; Driskell, Olmstead, and Salas 1993; Griffith, Sell, and Parker 1993; Walker et al. 1996; Wagner and Berger 1997; Carli 1989, 1991, 1999; Troyer 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Status Characteristics Among Older Individuals: The Diminished Significance of Gender

Hopcroft

2006

The Sociological Quarterly

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Previous theory and experimental research suggest that gender operates as a status characteristic in social interaction. Here I test an alternative hypothesis based on evolutionary psychology that gender may not work as a status characteristic when individuals are older (aged over 50). In an experimental study, pairs of subjects (young men with young women, older men with older women) were asked to make a series of decisions about a gender-neutral, perceptual task with input from their partners. I find that while gender operated as a status characteristic for younger individuals, it did not operate as a status characteristic for older individuals. In addition, older individuals were more resistant to influence on average than younger individuals.

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“…Callahan-Levy and also concluded that women were more generous allocators, allocating less to self than did men. This finding has not been consistently replicated, however, with more recent research finding few substantive differences in men's and women's allocation behavior (e.g., Griffith et al 1993;Kim et al 1990;Messe and Callahan-Levy 1979;Miller and Komorita 1995).…”

Section: Allocation Behaviormentioning

confidence: 82%

Gender and Organizational Justice Preferences

Clay-Warner¹,

Culatta²,

James³

2013

Sociology Compass

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Despite evidence that women and men possess similar workplace values, debate continues regarding gendered preferences for justice in the workplace. In particular, some have argued that women and men have fundamentally different justice orientations, which lead men to value fair outcomes and women to value fair procedures. Recent research finds that such beliefs may influence managers to reward men with greater monetary rewards than those provided to women. Here, we review this literature and argue that men and women do not have fundamentally different justice orientations. Instead, the few findings of gender difference in preferences for procedural vs. distributive justice in the workplace are a function of status differences between men and women.

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Self-Interested versus Third-Party Allocations of Rewards

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

How do toddlers evaluate defensive actions toward third parties?

How do toddlers evaluate defensive actions toward third parties?

Status Characteristics Among Older Individuals: The Diminished Significance of Gender

Gender and Organizational Justice Preferences

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