Self-medication with antibiotics in Sana’a City, Yemen

Albawani, Sami Mohammed; Abd-Aziz, Noorizan; Gnanasan, Shubashini

doi:10.4314/tjpr.v16i5.30

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This result was found to be harmonious with some studies [18, 21, 27], and contradicts with other studies [22, 23] when it comes to gender. Some studies showed no significant association of socio-demographic factors with the practice of SMA [22, 23, 27] and other studies showed educational level [12, 22, 26], age, [12, 28, 29] and socioeconomic status [12, 26] to have statistically significantly associated with SMA.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

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Prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics and associated factors in the community of Asmara, Eritrea: a descriptive cross sectional survey

et al. 2019

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Background Development of drug resistance caused by self-medication with antibiotics, can be seen as one of the growing global threats. Self-medication is defined as the selection and use of medicines by individuals to treat self-recognized illnesses or symptoms. The purpose of this study is to assess the practice of self-medication with antibiotics and associated factors among the community of Asmara, Eritrea. Methods This was a community based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 16 selected sub-districts of Asmara from September to November 2017. A Two-stage cluster sampling was employed to select study sites and participants. Data was collected in a face to face interview with a structured questionnaire and entered to CSPro version 6.2. Descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation and logistic regression were executed using SPSS version 22. Results A total of 580 study participants were recruited with a response rate of 99.5% ( N = 577). The prevalence of Self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) in this study was found to be 45.1% [95% CI (40.5, 49.6)] and majority of them practiced once or twice in a period of 12 months. The main reasons for SMA were previous successful experience (34.4%) and the illness being ‘not serious enough to seek medical care’ (25.7%). Of those who self-medicated, 84.1% of used amoxicillin at least once. Wound infection (17.9%) and sore throat (13.9%) were the most self-recognized complaints that required self-medication. Antibiotics were supplied and recommended mostly by the community drug outlets. Only Sex ( p = 0.046), knowledge ( p = 0.019) and attitude ( p < 0.001) of the participants were found significantly associated with the practice of SMA in the multivariate logistic regression. Conclusions Though majority of the respondents considered self-medication with antibiotics as inappropriate practice, about half of them were practicing it anyway. Therefore immediate attention from relevant bodies is required. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7020-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

“…Some studies showed no significant association of socio-demographic factors with the practice of SMA [22, 23, 27] and other studies showed educational level [12, 22, 26], age, [12, 28, 29] and socioeconomic status [12, 26] to have statistically significantly associated with SMA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics and associated factors in the community of Asmara, Eritrea: a descriptive cross sectional survey

et al. 2019

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“…Our study also indicated that the odds of SM for the COVID-19 were signi cantly lower among males by 79% than among females. This result was in agreement with those reported by some other studies on self-medication practices (34,35), but in disagreement with the ndings of some other studies (9,20).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Self-medication practices and associated factors in the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19 virus: A population-based survey in Nigeria

Wegbom

Edet

Raimi³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The anxiety caused by the emergence of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) globally has made many Nigerians resort to self-medication for purported protection against the disease, amid fear of contracting it from health workers and hospital environments. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the knowledge level, causes, prevalence, and determinants of self-medication practices for the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19 in Nigeria.Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between June and July 2020 among the Nigerian population, using a self-reported questionnaire. Statistical analysis of descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses was done using STATA 15.Results: A total of 461 respondents participated in the survey. Almost all the respondents had sufficient knowledge about self-medication (96.7%). The overall prevalence of self-medication for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 was 41%. The contributing factors were fear of stigmatization or discrimination (79.5%), fear of being quarantine (77.3%), and fear of infection or contact with a suspected person (76.3%). The proximal reasons for self-medication were emergency illness (49.1%), delays in receiving hospital services (28.1%), distance to the health facility (23%), and proximity of the pharmacy (21%). The most commonly used drugs for self-medication were vitamin C and multivitamin (51.8%) and antimalarials (24.9%). These drugs were bought mainly from pharmacies (73.9%). From the multivariate logistic regression model, male gender (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.07–0.54), and sufficient knowledge on SM (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.19–0.77) were significantly associated with self-medication.Conclusion: Despite the high knowledge and the risks associated with self-medication among the respondents, the practice is prevalent for perceived COVID-19 prevention and treatment. Based on the findings of this study the media and the community-based should be engaged to create awareness on the dangers of self-medication and the need for positive health behaviour concerning COVID-19. Pharmacies, patent medicine vendors, and traditional medicine practitioners have a role to play since most of the drugs are bought from them. A review and activation of relevant laws on drug use are also suggested.

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“…The irrational use of antibiotics/antibacterials has already been demonstrated by researchers in Yemen. 21 Moreover, in Yemen, community pharmacists dispense antimicrobials without a prescription. Studies from the hospital settings in Yemen have already raised concerns regarding irrational antimicrobial use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Drug Reactions and Medication Errors: A Quantitative Insight in Aden, Yemen

Alshakka¹,

Saeed²,

Ali³

et al. 2018

JYP

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Objectives:The study aimed to detect and assess common prescribing and dispensing Medication Errors (MEs); frequency of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs); the drugs causing frequent ADRs; and the typical types of ADRs. Methods: A cross sectional study was applied at three hospitals in Aden city. ADRs were verified through Micromedex, Martindale and British National Formulary. All patients admitted in different wards with informed consent were included in the study. Critical patients and children under five years of age were excluded. Data for MEs were evaluated to determine the types, frequency and other responsible factors. ADRs reporting form consisted of information relating to a patient with an Adverse Event (AE) suspected to be induced by a medicine, also information about the patient, AE, suspected medicines or other medicine use including self-medication, severity of the AE and name, address and telephone number of the reporter. Results: The MEs are estimated in 265 prescriptions, while a total of 225 ADRs were reported. The most common of prescribing error was inappropriate use of decimal point (n=252, 95.1%). The most common of dispensing error was inaccurate directions for the use of medication (n=253, 95.5%). AEs most commonly happened with oral medications (n=166, 73.7%), highly related to gastrointestinal system (n=72, 32%) and most commonly caused skin rash and allergic reactions (n=32, 14.2%). Antihypertensive (71.0%) and ceftriaxone (8.8%) accounted for the majority of the ADRs. Conclusion: Many of the MEs were preventable with pharmacist's intervention. Pharmacovigilance activities and policy need to be strengthened to protect public from harmful effects of medicines.This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

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Self-medication with antibiotics in Sana’a City, Yemen

Cited by 19 publications

References 10 publications

Prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics and associated factors in the community of Asmara, Eritrea: a descriptive cross sectional survey

Prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics and associated factors in the community of Asmara, Eritrea: a descriptive cross sectional survey

Self-medication practices and associated factors in the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19 virus: A population-based survey in Nigeria

Adverse Drug Reactions and Medication Errors: A Quantitative Insight in Aden, Yemen

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