Self-mutilation in clinical and general population samples: Prevalence, correlates, and functions.

Briere, John; Gil, Eliana

doi:10.1037/h0080369

Cited by 784 publications

(842 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These include not only substance abuse, but also what are referred to as tension reduction behaviors (Briere, 2002a), such as compulsive sexual behavior (Briere & Elliott, 2003), binging and purging (Webster & Palmer, 2000), self-mutilation (Briere & Gil, 1998), and suicidality . Along with substance abuse, tension reduction activities are thought to work by providing temporary distraction or by inducing distress-incompatible affective states.…”

Section: Tension Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenomenology and psychological assessment of complex posttraumatic states

2005

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The authors offer a framework for the assessment of psychological responses associated with exposure to early onset, multiple, or extended traumatic stressors. Six prominent and overlapping symptoms clusters are described: altered self-capacities, cognitive symptoms, mood disturbance, overdeveloped avoidance responses, somatoform distress, and posttraumatic stress. A strategy for the structured, psychometrically valid assessment of these outcomes is introduced, and specific recommendations for use of various generic and trauma-specific child and adult measures are provided. Implications of trauma assessment for treatment planning are discussed.Reactions to overwhelming psychological stressors can be viewed as residing on a complexity continuum. At one end are responses to adult-onset, single-incident, traumatic events (e.g., a motor vehicle accident, a mugging) that occur in individuals with adequate childhood development, a normoreactive nervous system, and no comorbid psychological disorders. At the opposite end are responses to early onset, multiple, extended, and sometimes highly invasive traumatic events, frequently of an interpersonal nature, often involving a significant amount of stigma or shame, that occur in individuals who, for a variety of reasons, may be more vulnerable to stress effects.Individuals at the high end of this complexity continuum are the subject of this article. These individuals are likely to experience a variety of posttraumatic symptoms and negative mood states, and often present with chronic affect regulation and interpersonal difficulties

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Section: Tension Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenomenology and psychological assessment of complex posttraumatic states

2005

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“…Data suggest that approximately 4% of adults in the US population exhibit NSSI (Briere & Gil, 1998;Klonsky, Oltmanns, & Turkheimer, 2003), and that adolescents are at even higher risk, with approximately 12-21% reporting a lifetime history of NSSI (Ross & Heath, 2002;Whitlock, Eckenrode, & Silverman, 2006;Zoroglu et al, 2003). Recent research has begun to systematically describe the form and function of NSSI (Brown, Comtois, & Linehan, 2002;Nock & Prinstein, 2004, 2005; however, the potential pathways to this behavior are not well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child maltreatment, non-suicidal self-injury, and the mediating role of self-criticism

Glassman

Weierich

Hooley

et al. 2007

Behaviour Research and Therapy

366

281

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We examined the relation between child maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Participants were 86 adolescents who completed measures of child maltreatment, self-criticism, perceived criticism, depression, and NSSI. Analyses revealed significant, small-to-medium associations between specific forms of child maltreatment (physical neglect, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse) and the presence of a recent history of NSSI. Emotional and sexual abuse had the strongest relations with NSSI, and the data supported a theoretical model in which self-criticism mediates the relation between emotional abuse and engagement in NSSI. Specificity for the mediating role of self-criticism was demonstrated by ruling out alternative mediation models. Taken together, these results indicate that several different forms of childhood maltreatment are associated with NSSI and illuminate one mechanism through which maltreatment may be associated with NSSI. Future research is needed to test the temporal relation between maltreatment and NSSI and should aim to identify additional pathways to engagement in NSSI. r

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“…SMB typically refers to cutting, burning, or otherwise marking of one's own flesh, with self-cutting being the most frequently endorsed type of SMB (Suyemoto, 1998;van der Kolk et al, 1991). Rates of SMB are approximately 4% in the general adult population (Briere, 1998), between 14% to 35% in college students (Favazza et al, 1989;Gratz, 2001), and approximately 21% in adult clinical populations (Briere, 1998;Klonsky et al, 2003). Self-mutilative behaviors have been linked to negative outcomes, including increased risk for successful suicide (Cooper…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-mutilative behaviors in male veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder

Sacks

Flood

Dennis

et al. 2008

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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Self-mutilative behaviors (SMB) were examined in a sample of male veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The primary objective was to determine the prevalence of SMB and any physical, cognitive, or affective antecedents and correlates for these behaviors. Participants included 509 male veterans with PTSD and levels of PTSD, depression, alcohol use, hostility, and impulsivity were evaluated to determine if these variables were related to SMB. Antecedents and sequelae of SMB were also examined to generate hypotheses regarding the functions of these behaviors. A second type of habit behavior, body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRB), was also examined as part of the study. Findings indicated that veterans who engaged in either type of habit behavior were younger than those who did not engage in SMB or BFRB. Veterans reporting SMB also reported higher levels of PTSD, depression, hostility, and impulsivity compared to the BFRB and no-habit groups. Examination of habit antecedents and sequelae showed support for the automatic-positive reinforcement function of SMB. These findings are discussed in the context of research and treatment involving male veterans with PTSD who engage in SMB. Keywordsself-mutilation; self-injury; posttraumatic stress disorder; male veterans Self-mutilative behaviors (SMB) include the direct and deliberate destruction or alteration of one's own body tissue without suicidal intent (Gratz, 2001;Nock and Prinstein, 2005). SMB typically refers to cutting, burning, or otherwise marking of one's own flesh, with self-cutting being the most frequently endorsed type of SMB (Suyemoto, 1998;van der Kolk et al., 1991). Rates of SMB are approximately 4% in the general adult population (Briere, 1998), between 14% to 35% in college students (Favazza et al., 1989;Gratz, 2001), and approximately 21% in adult clinical populations (Briere, 1998;Klonsky et al., 2003). Self-mutilative behaviors have been linked to negative outcomes, including increased risk for successful suicide (Cooper

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Self-mutilation in clinical and general population samples: Prevalence, correlates, and functions.

Cited by 784 publications

References 28 publications

Phenomenology and psychological assessment of complex posttraumatic states

Phenomenology and psychological assessment of complex posttraumatic states

Child maltreatment, non-suicidal self-injury, and the mediating role of self-criticism

Self-mutilative behaviors in male veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder

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