Self-operating transpiration-driven electrokinetic power generator with an artificial hydrological cycle

Bae, Jaehyeong; Yun, Tae Gwang; Suh, Bong Lim; Kim, Jihan; Kim, Il‐Doo

doi:10.1039/c9ee02616a

Cited by 158 publications

(137 citation statements)

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“…Reproduced under the terms of the CC‐BY Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0). [ 163 ] Copyright 2020, Royal Society of Chemistry. d) Natural wood with many aligned capillary microchannels for water migration.…”

Section: Selection Of Materials For Harvesting Energy From Moisturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The output voltage is maintained for ≈1 h before the water is completely evaporated (Figure 10c). [ 163 ] Calcium chloride, the main ingredient of desiccants, can absorb moisture from the surrounding air to form a saturated solution (Figure 10c) so the introduction of CaCl 2 into the fabric converts the material into a self‐operating transpiration‐driven electrokinetic power generator. In the range of 15–60% RH, CaCl 2 successfully compensates for the water loss by evaporation and maintains the electrical power generation for more than 10 days in a closed system (Figure 10c).…”

Section: Selection Of Materials For Harvesting Energy From Moisturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Moisture‐Enabled Electricity Generation: From Physics and Materials to Self‐Powered Applications

et al. 2020

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Ongoing efforts to develop this energy have led to the creation of a variety of novel technologies based on photovoltaic, [12,13] piezoelectric, [14,15] triboelectric, [16,17] and thermoelectric principles. [18,19] Devices based on these technologies are readily incorporated into self-powered, battery-free electronic systems. This also acts to eliminate the harm to the environment caused by the use of conventional batteries. [20,21] As recyclable resource, water is not only indispensable to life but also constitutes the largest energy carrier on Earth (Figure 1a). As 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by water and 35% of solar energy incident on the Earth is absorbed by water, petawatts of energy are received in this way. [22] As the water resource is clean and sustainable, the energy contained in even a small fraction of the water on Earth can meet the current global energy demand if this energy can be efficiently harvested. Terrestrial water exists in vapor and liquid form including moisture, rain, clouds, lakes, rivers, and oceans. It also forms the basis for biological systems. Even though there is a long history of electricity generation from running water, most technologies only utilize the gravitational and kinetic energy in liquid water. [23] Such systems are inherently incompatible with the development of self-powered devices. The development of nanomaterials has enabled technology for the extraction of electrical energy from moisture, leading to The exploration of the utilization of sustainable, green energy represents one way in which it is possible to ameliorate the growing threat of the global environmental issues and the crisis in energy. Moisture, which is ubiquitous on Earth, contains a vast reservoir of low-grade energy in the form of gaseous water molecules and water droplets. It has now been found that a number of functionalized materials can generate electricity directly from their interaction with moisture. This suggests that electrical energy can be harvested from atmospheric moisture and enables the creation of a new range of self-powered devices. Herein, the basic mechanisms of moisture-induced electricity generation are discussed, the recent advances in materials (including carbon nanoparticles, graphene materials, metal oxide nanomaterials, biofibers, and polymers) for harvesting electrical energy from moisture are summarized, and some strategies for improving energy conversion efficiency and output power in these devices are provided. The potential applications of moisture electrical generators in self-powered electronics, healthcare, security, information storage, artificial intelligence, and Internet-of-things are also discussed. Some remaining challenges are also considered, together with a number of suggestions for potential new developments of this emerging technology.

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Section: Selection Of Materials For Harvesting Energy From Moisturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Selection Of Materials For Harvesting Energy From Moisturementioning

confidence: 99%

Moisture‐Enabled Electricity Generation: From Physics and Materials to Self‐Powered Applications

et al. 2020

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“…The streaming potential, a classic electrokinetic phenomenon in which an electric voltage can be generated when an electrolyte is driven through a narrow channel under a pressure gradient 15,16 , plays an important role in previous experiments of evaporation induced electricity 3,4,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] . The dashed lines in Fig.…”

Section: And 5)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Harvesting energy from liquid evaporation has significant potential for green energy owing to the ubiquity of evaporation 1,2,5 . Evaporation has been widely used to drive microfluidic flow within porous films to generate electric power 3,4,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] mainly based on the classic streaming potential effect 15,16 . However, the interactions between materials and evaporating molecules have been rarely investigated.…”

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Evaporating Potential

Fang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Evaporation induced electric potential in functional materials has been promoting the emergence of a new discipline, hydrovoltaics1,2, but the phenomena have been widely ascribed to streaming potential related classic electrokinetic effects3,4. Here we show that evaporation in ambient environment can directly generate a sustainable voltage of up to 1 V with a current density of around 20 nA cm-2 from a porous carbon black film without contribution from streaming potential. Multi-electrode measurements confirm that the evaporating potential is generated mainly within the precursor ahead of the main capillary front. Detailed theoretical and experimental analyses indicate that the evaporating potential following the quadratic distribution arises from molecule evaporation induced carrier transfer in the precursor film. This new finding should lay a solid foundation for the emerging hydrovoltaics.

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Research progress of power generation device drivenby water evaporation

Niu¹,

Li²

2020

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Self-operating transpiration-driven electrokinetic power generator with an artificial hydrological cycle

Abstract: The artificial hydrological cycle built by using deliquescent calcium chloride enables self-operation of a transpiration-driven electrokinetic power generator.

Cited by 158 publications

References 33 publications

Moisture‐Enabled Electricity Generation: From Physics and Materials to Self‐Powered Applications

Moisture‐Enabled Electricity Generation: From Physics and Materials to Self‐Powered Applications

Evaporating Potential

Research progress of power generation device drivenby water evaporation

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