Self-organisation for Survival in Complex Computer Architectures

Abstract

Abstract. This chapter steps back from specific self-organisational architectural solutions to consider what self-organisation means in the context of complex systems. Drawing on insights in complexity and selforganisation, the chapter explores how the natural propensity of complex systems (such as the mammalian immune system) to self-organise could be exploited as a mechanism for adaptation in complex computer architectures. Drawing on experience of immune-inspired fault-tolerant swarm robotics, the chapter speculates on how complex systems such as global information systems could adopt self-organised survivability.

A Systematic Review on Security and Safety of Self-Adaptive Systems

“…Attacks that try to exploit the weakness that leads to access to the system and various resources can be referred to as Subvert Access Control attacks. An example of such attacks include unauthorized access to privacy information (Veledar et al, 2019), personation (Polack, 2010) and man in the middle (Settanni et al, 2018b) attacks.…”

“…These were investigated and classified according to the Mechanisms of Attack: CAPEC-1000, which resulted in the following mapping of categories and specific attacks: Manipulate System Resources (56), Engage in Deceptive Interactions (34), and Inject Unexpected Items (20), Subvert Access Control (8), Collect and Analyze Information (6), and Abuse Existing Functionality (2). In regards to the specific attacks, these include sensor degradation (Yoon et al, 2017), GPS jamming (Petit and Shladover, 2015), message replay (Liu et al, 2017), sensor and camera spoofing (Le and Maple, 2019), sound interference (Petit and Shladover, 2015), invisible object (Petit and Shladover, 2015), message falsification (Amoozadeh et al, 2015), fault injection (Zhu et al, 2020), miss-report (Liu et al, 2017) attacks, unauthorized access to privacy information (Veledar et al, 2019), personation (Polack, 2010), man in the middle (Settanni et al, 2018b), location tracking (Petit and Shladover, 2015), information disclosure (Monteuuis et al, 2018), eavesdropping sensors (Petit and Shladover, 2015), side-channel (Yoon et al, 2017), and blocking pseudonym change (Petit and Shladover, 2015) attacks. The aforementioned attacks are in most cases executed remotely targeting each property of the CIA triad with a focus on sensors and controller of a self-adaptive system.…”

“…Similar challenges are also mentioned in Beltrame et al (2018) and Causevic et al (2019) regarding the validation of the emergent behavior of a system at runtime. Other challenges include the required additional processing overhead and memory, the fragility to unexpected changes, and the complex design of a self-adaptive system, which are mentioned in Polack (2010).…”

“…. (2017),Le and Maple (2019),Schneider et al (2011),Settanni et al (2018b),Veledar et al (2019), DeBruhl et al (2015,Zhu et al (2020),Liang et al (2018),Petit and Shladover (2015),Settanni et al (2018a),Monteuuis et al (2018),Polack (2010), Ferrão et al (2020,Bolovinou et al (2019),Yoon et al (2017) Availability 14Liu et al (2017),Le and Maple (2019),Knight and Strunk (2004), Schneider et al (2011), Settanni et al (2018b), Veledar et al (2019), Potteiger et al (2020), Petit and Shladover (2015), Settanni et al (2018a), Monteuuis et al (2018), Amoozadeh et al (2015), Ferrão et al (2020), Bolovinou et al (2019), Yoon et al (2017) Confidentiality 12 Liu et al (2017), Le and Maple (2019), Settanni et al (2018b), Veledar et al (2019), Potteiger et al (2020), Petit and Shladover (2015), Settanni et al (2018a), Monteuuis et al (2018), Amoozadeh et al (2015), Ferrão et al (2020), Bolovinou et al (2019), Yoon et al (2017) . (2017), Le and Maple (2019), Settanni et al (2018b), Potteiger et al (2020), DeBruhl et al (2015), Zhu et al (2020), Liang et al (2018), Petit and Shladover (2015), Monteuuis et al (2018), Amoozadeh et al (2015), Ferrão et al (2020), Bolovinou et al (2019), Yoon et al (2017) Risk (indicators) 6 Liu et al (2017), Settanni et al (2018b), Veledar et al (2019), Teimourikia and Fugini (2017), Monteuuis et al (2018.…”

A Bio-inspired Approach To Cyber Security

“…Need for Unconventional Approaches to Cyber Security The motivation for seeking inspiration from other systems is necessary due to the observation that cyberspace and inherently cyber security environments are complex. In other fields, for instance robotics, analogies to the immune system are exploited to design selforganisation mechanisms[12]. Biological concepts have been central and contributed to robust implementations in a range of domains including computing, financial modelling…”