The field of organic bioelectronics is advancing rapidly in the development of materials and devices to precisely monitor and control biological signals. Electronics and biology can interact on multiple levels: organs, complex tissues, cells, cell membranes, proteins, and even small molecules. Compared to traditional electronic materials like metals and inorganic semiconductors, conjugated polymers (CPs) have several key advantages for biological interactions; tunable physiochemical properties, adjustable form factors, and mixed conductivity (ionic and electronic). This review focuses on the use of CPs in five biologically oriented research topics: electrophysiology, tissue engineering, drug release, biosensing, and molecular bioelectronics. In electrophysiology, implantable devices with CP coating or CPonly electrodes are showing improvements in signal performance and tissue interfaces. CPbased scaffolds supply highly favorable static or even dynamic interfaces for tissue engineering.CPs also allow for delivery of drugs through a variety of mechanisms and form factors. For biosensing, CPs offer new possibilities to incorporate biological sensing elements in a conducting matrix. Molecular bioelectronics is today used to incorporate (opto)electronic functions in living tissue. Under each topic, limits of the utility of CPs are discussed and, overall, the review highlights the major challenges towards implementation of CPs and their devices to real-world applications.Received: ((will be filled in by the editorial staff))Revised: ((will be filled in by the editorial staff))