“…Many traditional clustering algorithms have been reported in the literature and can be grouped into six categories, i.e. density‐based (Andrade et al, ; Ester, Kriegel, Sander, & Xu, ), partitioning‐based (Kanungo et al, ), model‐based (Jiao, Hong, & Liu, ), graph‐based (Jiao, Liu, Y., & Zou, ; Liu, Deng, & Shi, ; Liu, Deng, Shi & Wang, ), grid‐based (Sheikholeslami, Chatterjee, & Zhang, ), and hierarchical algorithms (Lin, Allebach, Fan, Madan, & Dana, ). These algorithms mainly focus on either spatial or non‐spatial attributes, but rarely consider them simultaneously.…”