Self–other control processes in social cognition: from imitation to empathy

Guzman, Marie de; Bird, Geoffrey; Banissy, Michael J.; Catmur, Caroline

doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0079

Cited by 119 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…Our results contribute to recent theories arguing that social cognition problems in ASD may be caused by a specific deficit in self-other distinction (De Guzman et al, 2015;Sowden & Shah, 2014), in which the rTPJ seems to play an important role. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Atypical neural responding to hearing one’s own name in adults with ASD.

Nijhof

Dhar

Goris

et al. 2018

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Diminished responding to hearing the own name is one of the earliest and strongest predictors of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we studied for the first time the neural correlates of hearing one's own name in ASD. Based on existing research, we hypothesized enhancement of late parietal positive activity specifically for the own name in neurotypicals, and this effect to be reduced in adults with ASD. Source localization analyses were conducted to estimate group differences in brain regions underlying this effect. 21 adults with ASD, and 21 age-and gender-matched neurotypicals were presented with three categories of names (own name, close other, unknown other) as task-irrelevant deviant stimuli in an auditory oddball paradigm, while EEG was recorded. As expected, a late parietal positivity was observed specifically for own names in neurotypicals, indicating enhanced attention to the own name.This preferential effect was absent in the ASD group. This group difference was associated with diminished activation in the rTPJ in adults with ASD. Further, a familiarity effect was found for the N1, with larger amplitudes for familiar names (own name and close other).However, groups did not differ for this effect. These findings provide evidence of atypical neural responding to hearing one's own name in adults with ASD, suggesting a deficit in selfother distinction, associated with rTPJ dysfunction.Keywords: autism spectrum disorder; ERP; own name; TPJ General Scientific Summary: Infants at risk of ASD are known to show a diminished response to hearing their own name. By investigating the neural response to hearing their own name in adults with ASD, we showed for the first time that also in adulthood, individuals with ASD show an atypical response to hearing their name.3

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Atypical neural responding to hearing one’s own name in adults with ASD.

Nijhof

Dhar

Goris

et al. 2018

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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“…Second, a profound admiration for amputees up to a sexual attraction towards incomplete bodies has been described in some individuals with xenomelia (De Preester, 2013;First, 2005) and third, affected persons frequently pretend in private or public to be amputees. The perception of one's own and another person's body are intimately linked (Schilder, 1935), and sensorimotor processes are influenced by observation and imitation of others (de Guzman et al, 2016;Tsakiris, 2016). Such shared neural mechanisms are modulated by interpersonal relations (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When less is more – Implicit preference for incomplete bodies in xenomelia

Macauda

Bekrater-Bodmann

Brugger

et al. 2017

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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Individuals with xenomelia identify with an amputated rather than with their physically complete, healthy body. They often mimic amputees and show a strong admiration of and sexual attraction towards them. Here we investigated for the first time empirically whether such unusual preference for amputated bodies is present also on an implicit level. Using the well-validated Implicit Association Test we show that individuals with xenomelia manifested a stronger implicit and explicit preference for amputated bodies than a normally-limbed control group and a group of involuntary amputees did. Interestingly, the two latter groups did not differ in their implicit and explicit preference for complete versus amputated bodies. These findings are an important step in understanding how deeply rooted attitudes about a socially normative body appearance may be influenced by a developmentally disordered experience of one's own bodily self. We conclude that this is the first behavioral evidence demonstrating a conflict of self-identification on an implicit level and this enriches current understandings of xenomelia as a primarily neurological disorder. AbstractIndividuals with xenomelia identify with an amputated rather than with their physically complete, healthy body. They often mimic amputees and show a strong admiration of and sexual attraction towards them. Here we investigated for the first time empirically whether such unusual preference for amputated bodies is present also on an implicit level. Using the wellvalidated Implicit Association Test we show that individuals with xenomelia manifested a stronger implicit and explicit preference for amputated bodies stronger than a normally-limbed control group and a group of involuntary amputees did. Interestingly, the two latter groups did not differ in their implicit and explicit preference for complete versus amputated bodies. These findings are an important step in understanding how deeply rooted attitudes about a socially normative body appearance may be influenced by a developmentally disordered experience of one's own bodily self. We conclude that this first behavioral evidence to demonstrate a conflict of self-identification on an implicit level and this enriches current understandings of xenomelia as a primarily neurological disorder.

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“…For example, if I am preparing to return your tennis serve I need to form as complete a representation of your action as possible in order to predict the flight of the ball, but keep the representation of your action distinct from representation of my motor plan to return the ball [1]. A similar 'self-other distinction' is necessary when attempting to adopt the perspective of another, or to represent their emotions or attitudes, especially when they are in conflict with one's own [1]. Interestingly, the degree to which a self-other distinction is maintained can be impacted by task demands and social factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%