Self-powered implantable electronic-skin forin situanalysis of urea/uric-acid in body fluids and the potential applications in real-time kidney-disease diagnosis

Abstract

As the concentration of different biomarkers in human body fluids are an important parameter of chronic disease, wearable biosensors for in situ analysis of body fluids with high sensitivity, real-time detection, flexibility and biocompatibility have significant potential therapeutic applications. In this paper, a flexible self-powered implantable electronic-skin (e-skin) for in situ body fluids analysis (urea/uric-acid) as a real-time kidney-disease diagnoser has been proposed based on the piezo-enzymatic-reaction coupling process of ZnO nanowire arrays. It can convert the mechanical energy of body movements into a piezoelectric impulse, and the outputting piezoelectric signal contains the urea/uric-acid concentration information in body fluids. This piezoelectric-biosensing process does not need an external electricity supply or battery. The e-skin was implanted under the abdominal skin of a mouse and provided in situ analysis of the kidney-disease parameters. These results provide a new approach for developing a self-powered in situ body fluids-analysis technique for chronic-disease diagnosis.

Biomarkers in Stress Related Diseases/Disorders: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Values

“…In addition to being the routine biomarkers of kidney (Klein et al, 2018; Lu et al, 2018) and liver diseases (Drolz et al, 2018), urates or its related products are also proving to have diagnostic value in other important diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (Cova and Priori, 2018), diabetes (Xie et al, 2018), cardiovascular diseases (Murata et al, 2018), obstructive sleep apnea (Fleming et al, 2018), and bone inflammation (Beyazit and Pek, 2018). Urates or urea derivatives have also shown applicable values in clinical diagnosis of renal diseases (Yang et al, 2018), gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases (Siddiqui et al, 2016), using advanced technologies like self-powered implantable electronic-skin and non-invasive breath test, respectively.…”

Biomedical Applications of Layer‐by‐Layer Self‐Assembly for Cell Encapsulation: Current Status and Future Perspectives

“…For those people suffering from skin damage or amputations, it is of great importance to restore the sensational properties of the skin to improve the quality of their lives . Such challenge has motivated the development of various novel electronic skin devices for various clinic applications, such as detecting blood pressure, body temperature, heartbeat, electrolyte balance, breathing rate, etc . Currently, there have been several reports on the construction of smart electronic skins akin to biological tissues .…”

Properties of conductive polymer hydrogels and their application in sensors

“…based on PPy hydrogel/Au nanocomposites . This general and simple method that incorporating conductive filler to matrix of CPHs can be extended to many other nanoscale materials . Shrestha et al .…”