Self-powered sensor for tannic acid exploiting visible LED light as excitation source

Novel Bi2+xWO6 p–n Homojunction Nanostructure: Preparation, Characterization, and Application for a Self-Powered Cathodic Photoelectrochemical Immunosensor

“…On the above basis, a self-powered photocathodic sensor is fabricated, where the Bi 2.1 WO 6 p−n homojunction acts as a photocathode material and the WO 3 /Au composite with excellent PEC performance acts as the photoanode material. Notably, different from the previously reported dual-photoelectrode systems, 7,29,30 here H 2 O 2 is utilized not only as an electron donor to consume holes in the photoanode, but also as an electron acceptor of the photocathode. Thus, a one-chamber cell can meet the requirements, without a salt bridge or protonexchange membrane.…”

Self-Powered Biosensors Using Various Light Sources in Daily Life Environments: Integration of p–n Heterojunction Photodetectors and Colorimetric Reactions for Biomolecule Detection

“…29 Therefore, glucose in nonspiked and spiked (final concentrations of spiked glucose: 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1 mg mL −1 ) human serum was measured using the self-powered biosensors under fluorescent light and sunlight illumination, as shown in Figure 6. The sensitivities to nonspiked and 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1 mg mL −1 spiked human serum were 29,32,34,35,37,39, and 41%, respectively, under fluorescent light (Figure 6a), and 13,15,18,20,22,24, and 26%, respectively, under sunlight (Figure 6b). (Note: The eight different graphs were merged in Figure 6b to clarify the different sensitivities toward different glucose concentrations; each graph was differently colored and there are breaks between them.)…”

“…Self-powered biosensors have attracted considerable attention as a potential future POC sensor platform coupled with smart electronic devices because they can operate using energy from the local environment without the need for batteries. − ,, Since the first report of self-powered biosensors based on electrochemical reactions by Willner et al in 2001, self-powered biosensors have been mainly explored based on an electrochemical sensing platform to detect various target molecules such as glucose and cholesterol. − Such self-powered biosensors are operated by electricity from oxidation and reduction reactions at the anode and cathode, respectively. Those self-powered sensing platforms, however, suffer from decreased performance due to matrix effects caused by electroactive species in physiological samples such as urine, saliva, and serum, which consist of ions, uric acid, enzymes, etc. , Although photoinduced electrochemical biosensors for self-powered systems have been recently studied to further enhance sensitivity and reliability, this approach inevitably results in additional electricity for restricted light generators (e.g., UV lamp and light-emitting diode) to excite electrons to induce photoelectrochemical reactions at electrodes. − Moreover, it is still difficult to avoid the matrix effect because of the direct contact between reactants and electrodes. Thus, it remains a challenge to fulfill the requirements of sensitivity, stability, and operation without power supplies for future POC biosensor systems.…”

Recent Trends in Self-Powered Photoelectrochemical Sensors: From the Perspective of Signal Output

“…In 2018, Soares da Silva et al 51 constructed a two-chamber self-powered PFC system for the detection of tannic acid (TA). Under illumination, in the anode chamber, TAsensitized TiO 2 generated an anodic photocurrent by oxidizing TA and allowed photogenerated electrons to be transferred to the photocathode through an external circuit; in the cathode chamber, Cu 2 O/ZnO/FTO accelerated electron transfer by reducing protons.…”

“…(A) Construction of the PBFCs (reproduced from ref ; Copyright 2022 American Chemical Society). (B) Digital photo of using a multimeter as a visual readout strategy (a) (reproduced from ref ; copyright 2021 Royal Society of Chemistry); model diagram and actual object figure of 3D printed sensing device (b) (reproduced from ref ; copyright 2023 Royal Society of Chemistry).…”