Self-powered wearable sensing devices based on a flexible ammonium-ion battery with fatigue resistance and frost resistance based on a strong and tough hydrogel

Abstract

As a new type of flexible electronics, without external power supply wearable self-powered sensing devices have attracted more and more attention. However, poor flexibility, anti-fatigue and anti-freezing limit their applications....

Design of Fatigue‐Resistant Hydrogels

“…[124] Their applicability spans the prolonged monitoring of a range of physiological signals, encompassing sound vibrations, electrocardiograms, and electromyograms. Beyond this, these hydrogels, with their fatigue-resistant characteristics, find utility as strain sensors (Figure 9A), enabling Hydrogel actuators PAAm Hydraulic hydrogel actuators [103] PU/HABI Photo-driven hydrogel actuators [104] PDADMAC Biomimetic insect [105] Hydrogel optics PDMS/PAAm Optical fibers [26] PVA Neuroengineering optical fibers [106] Hydrogel coatings Py Artificial skins [36] PVA Bioelectronic Interfaces [107] DN Heart valves armor [108] Hydrogel electronics devices PAAm Triboelectric Nanogenerator textiles [109] PHEA Self-powered wearable devices [110] PAAm Supercapacitors [111] PAAm/CS Hydrogel batteries [112] Drug release Alginate/PAAm Gastric resident dosage forms [113] PVA/PAA Ingestible hydrogel device [32] Tissue engineering PVA/PAMPS/BC Cartilage restoration [114] PAAm/PAA Biomimetic heart valve [115] PHA/PEGDA Vascular grafts [37] real-time tracking of movements in underwater robotic systems. [102] This application demands both a heightened sensitivity and a dependable response, both of which are aptly met by these hydrogels.…”

Swelling-resistant microgel-reinforced hydrogel polymer electrolytes for flexible all-in-one supercapacitors with high performances

“…The boom in wearable smart electronics has driven the demand for flexible energy storage devices. [1][2][3][4][5] Although batteries are widely used as power sources for electronic devices due to their excellent energy density, supercapacitors are emerging as promising energy storage devices for portable function-integrated electronics due to their advantages of high-power density, long cycle life, fast charge/discharge, good safety and miniaturization. [6][7][8][9] Especially, all-in-one supercapacitors, a class of integrated supercapacitors with low interfacial resistance and mechanical stability under complex deformation, have received extensive attention.…”

A double‐dynamic‐bond crosslinked multifunctional conductive hydrogel with self‐adhesive, remoldability, and rapid self‐healing properties for wearable sensing

“…For flexible wearable devices, excellent conductivity is crucial for achieving sensing functions. [37][38][39] Constructing conductive hydrogels often involves doping different conductive functional components, such as conductive polymers, 40,41 metal nanoparticles, 42,43 or carbon nanomaterials 44,45 into the polymer network. MXene, as a new type of two-dimensional conductive functional nanomaterial, possesses excellent water dispersibility, and mechanical strength.…”

“…For flexible wearable devices, excellent conductivity is crucial for achieving sensing functions 37–39 . Constructing conductive hydrogels often involves doping different conductive functional components, such as conductive polymers, 40,41 metal nanoparticles, 42,43 or carbon nanomaterials 44,45 into the polymer network.…”