Self‐Propelled Micro/Nanomotors for Tumor Targeting Delivery and Therapy

Lin, Ruyi; Yu, Wanqi; Chen, Xianchun; Gao, Huile

doi:10.1002/adhm.202001212

Cited by 68 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 153 publications

(137 reference statements)

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“…Autonomous self-propelled motors provide perspective in biomedical [82] and environmental applications [83]. Motion of catalytic nano/micromotors follows several propulsion mechanisms.…”

Section: Catalytic Propulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymer Nanoparticles and Nanomotors Modified by DNA/RNA Aptamers and Antibodies in Targeted Therapy of Cancer

2021

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Polymer nanoparticles and nano/micromotors are novel nanostructures that are of increased interest especially in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer. These structures are modified by antibodies or nucleic acid aptamers and can recognize the cancer markers at the membrane of the cancer cells or in the intracellular side. They can serve as a cargo for targeted transport of drugs or nucleic acids in chemo- immuno- or gene therapy. The various mechanisms, such as enzyme, ultrasound, magnetic, electrical, or light, served as a driving force for nano/micromotors, allowing their transport into the cells. This review is focused on the recent achievements in the development of polymer nanoparticles and nano/micromotors modified by antibodies and nucleic acid aptamers. The methods of preparation of polymer nanoparticles, their structure and properties are provided together with those for synthesis and the application of nano/micromotors. The various mechanisms of the driving of nano/micromotors such as chemical, light, ultrasound, electric and magnetic fields are explained. The targeting drug delivery is based on the modification of nanostructures by receptors such as nucleic acid aptamers and antibodies. Special focus is therefore on the method of selection aptamers for recognition cancer markers as well as on the comparison of the properties of nucleic acid aptamers and antibodies. The methods of immobilization of aptamers at the nanoparticles and nano/micromotors are provided. Examples of applications of polymer nanoparticles and nano/micromotors in targeted delivery and in controlled drug release are presented. The future perspectives of biomimetic nanostructures in personalized nanomedicine are also discussed.

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“…Autonomous self-propelled motors provide perspective in biomedical [82] and environmental applications [83]. Motion of catalytic nano/micromotors follows several propulsion mechanisms.…”

Section: Catalytic Propulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The performed studies did not reveal significant cytotoxicity of nano/micromotors on healthy cells. This includes fuel driven nanomotors using natural fuels, such as H 2 O 2 or glucose as well [82]. In addition, the effect of ultrasound on the viability of the cells was not significant [78].…”

Section: Nanomotors Modified By Aptamersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Nanoparticles and Nanomotors Modified by DNA/RNA Aptamers and Antibodies in Targeted Therapy of Cancer

2021

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“…To close this section, and to direct readers to sources of information beyond this current review, we list the following excellent review articles on nanomotors for biomedical applications, on the topics of 1) overall overviews, [36,[72][73][74][75] 2) drug delivery/cargo transportation, [32,34,38,40,[76][77][78][79][80][81] 3) diagnosis, [82] 4) sensing, [77][78][79]83] 5) in vivo applications, [34,[84][85][86] 6) surface coating, [87] 7) cancer therapy, [33,37,88,89] 8) biocompatibility, [66] 9) biological barriers/complex environment/entering a cell [39,[90][91][92] and 10) imaging, [90,93,94] as well as on particular types of nanomotors for biomedical application, such as those made of hydrogel [95] or those powered by magnetic fields. [96] This list of review articles-a total of 35 and counting-is by no means comprehensive, and only covers the period of 2013-2020 (see the book by Prof. Joseph Wang [7] for pre-2013 reviews).…”

Section: Nanomotors What and Howmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Journey of Nanomotors for Targeted Cancer Therapy: Principles, Challenges, and a Critical Review of the State‐of‐the‐Art

Wang

Zhou

2020

Adv Healthcare Materials

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A nanomotor is a miniaturized device that converts energy stored in the environment into mechanical motion. The last two decades have witnessed a surge of research interests in the biomedical applications of nanomotors, but little clinical translation. To accelerate this process, targeted cancer therapy is used as an example to describe a “survive, locate, operate, and terminate” (SLOT) mission of a nanomotor, where it must 1) survive in the unfriendly in vivo environment, 2) locate its target as well as be located by human operators, 3) carry out specific operations, and 4) terminate after the mission is completed. Along this journey, the challenges presented to a nanomotor, including to power, navigate, steer, target, release, control, image, and communicate are discussed, and how state‐of‐the‐art nanomotors meet or fall short of these requirements is critically reviewed. These discussions are then condensed into a table for easy reference. In particular, it is argued that chemically powered nanomotors are intrinsically ill‐positioned for targeted cancer therapy, while nanomotors powered by magnetic fields or ultrasound show more promises. Following this argument, a tentative nanomotor design is then presented in the end to conform to the SLOT guideline, and to inspire practical, functional nanorobots that are yet to come.

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“…Black phosphorus hydrogel has been used to treat breast and melanoma cancers, resulting in a shrinking tumor with minimal side effects [155]. Nano-and micromotors, which are gaining popularity in the development of drug delivery vehicles, can also be driven by light, converting the light energy into mechanical impact [156].…”

Section: Light-responsive Delivery Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Points in Remote-Controlled Drug Delivery: From the Carrier Design to Clinical Trials

Voronin

Abalymov

Svenskaya

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The increased research activity aiming at improved delivery of pharmaceutical molecules indicates the expansion of the field. An efficient therapeutic delivery approach is based on the optimal choice of drug-carrying vehicle, successful targeting, and payload release enabling the site-specific accumulation of the therapeutic molecules. However, designing the formulation endowed with the targeting properties in vitro does not guarantee its selective delivery in vivo. The various biological barriers that the carrier encounters upon intravascular administration should be adequately addressed in its overall design to reduce the off-target effects and unwanted toxicity in vivo and thereby enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the payload. Here, we discuss the main parameters of remote-controlled drug delivery systems: (i) key principles of the carrier selection; (ii) the most significant physiological barriers and limitations associated with the drug delivery; (iii) major concepts for its targeting and cargo release stimulation by external stimuli in vivo. The clinical translation for drug delivery systems is also described along with the main challenges, key parameters, and examples of successfully translated drug delivery platforms. The essential steps on the way from drug delivery system design to clinical trials are summarized, arranged, and discussed.

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Self‐Propelled Micro/Nanomotors for Tumor Targeting Delivery and Therapy

Cited by 68 publications

References 153 publications

Polymer Nanoparticles and Nanomotors Modified by DNA/RNA Aptamers and Antibodies in Targeted Therapy of Cancer

Polymer Nanoparticles and Nanomotors Modified by DNA/RNA Aptamers and Antibodies in Targeted Therapy of Cancer

A Journey of Nanomotors for Targeted Cancer Therapy: Principles, Challenges, and a Critical Review of the State‐of‐the‐Art

Key Points in Remote-Controlled Drug Delivery: From the Carrier Design to Clinical Trials

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