Self-ratings of face recognition ability are influenced by gender but not prosopagnosia severity.

Murray, Ebony; Bate, Sarah

doi:10.1037/pas0000707

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…However, it is important to note that our sample would have excluded anyone who reported having prosopagnosia, which may appear co-morbidly at rates greater than expected by chance. In addition, it is possible that individuals with DTD generally have some issues with face processing that are simply not captured by the task we employed 41 , or this is indicative of a bias in evaluating one's own abilities 42 . The Cambridge Face Memory task employed in the present study utilizes static face stimuli, with peripheral information (e.g., hair, ears) removed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural and cognitive mechanisms of Developmental Topographical Disorientation

Burles

Iaria

2020

Sci Rep

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Individuals affected by Developmental Topographical Disorientation (DTD) get lost on a daily basis, even in the most familiar of surroundings such as their neighbourhood, the building where they have worked for many years, and, in extreme cases, even in their own homes. Individuals with DTD report a lifelong selective inability to orient despite otherwise well-preserved general cognitive functions, and the absence of any acquired brain injury or neurological condition, with general intelligence reported to be within the normal range. To date, the mechanisms underlying such a selective developmental condition remain unknown. Here, we report the findings of a 10-year-long study investigating the behavioural and cognitive mechanisms of DTD in a large sample of 1211 cases. We describe the demographics, heritability pattern, self-reported and objective spatial abilities, and some personality traits of individuals with DTD as compared to a sample of 1624 healthy controls; importantly, we test the specific hypothesis that the presence of DTD is significantly related to the inability of the individuals to form a mental representation of the spatial surroundings (i.e., a cognitive map). We found that individuals with DTD reported relatively greater levels of neuroticism and negative affect, and rated themselves more poorly on self-report measures of memory and imagery skills related to objects, faces, and places. While performing interactive tasks, as a group, the individuals with DTD performed slightly worse on a scene-based perspective-taking task, and, notably struggled to solve tasks that demand the generation and use of a cognitive map. These novel findings help define the phenotype of DTD, and lay the foundation for future studies of the neurological and genetic mechanisms of this lifelong condition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural and cognitive mechanisms of Developmental Topographical Disorientation

Burles

Iaria

2020

Sci Rep

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“…Famous faces: The famous faces test has previously been used in our published work (e.g. [12,[55][56][57]). Participants were presented with 60 famous faces suitable for the UK population, one at a time, on a computer screen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosing developmental prosopagnosia: repeat assessment using the Cambridge Face Memory Test

Murray

Bate

2020

R. Soc. Open Sci.

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Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is a cognitive condition characterized by a relatively selective impairment in face recognition. Currently, people are screened for DP via a single attempt at objective face-processing tests, usually all presented on the same day. However, several variables probably influence performance on these tests irrespective of actual ability, and the influence of repeat administration is also unknown. Here, we assess, for the first known time, the test–retest reliability of the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT)—the leading task used worldwide to diagnose DP. This value was found to fall just below psychometric standards, and single-case analyses revealed further inconsistencies in performance that were not driven by testing location (online or in-person), nor the time-lapse between attempts. Later administration of an alternative version of the CFMT (the CFMT-Aus) was also found to be valuable in confirming borderline cases. Finally, we found that performance on the first 48 trials of the CFMT was equally as sensitive as the full 72-item score, suggesting that the instrument may be shortened for testing efficiency. We consider the implications of these findings for existing diagnostic protocols, concluding that two independent tasks of unfamiliar face memory should be completed on separate days.

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“…A wide variety of techniques have been used to assess these individuals (for a recent review, see [7]), with a minority of authors relying on self-reported anecdotal evidence alone (e.g., [8]). While respectable associations have more recently been reported between multi-item subjective ratings of face recognition ability and objective measures (e.g., [9]), it is nevertheless clear that some “typical” performers erroneously under-rate their face recognition ability and self-refer for DP assessment [10,11]. Most authors therefore agree that self-rating or anecdotal evidence of DP should always be supplemented by objective measures of face recognition performance [4,12], although the proportion of confirmed diagnoses versus false alarms has not yet been examined in a large group of individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objective Patterns of Face Recognition Deficits in 165 Adults with Self-Reported Developmental Prosopagnosia

et al. 2019

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In the last 15 years, increasing numbers of individuals have self-referred to research laboratories in the belief that they experience severe everyday difficulties with face recognition. The condition “developmental prosopagnosia” (DP) is typically diagnosed when impairment is identified on at least two objective face-processing tests, usually involving assessments of face perception, unfamiliar face memory, and famous face recognition. While existing evidence suggests that some individuals may have a mnemonic form of prosopagnosia, it is also possible that other subtypes exist. The current study assessed 165 adults who believe they experience DP, and 38% of the sample were impaired on at least two of the tests outlined above. While statistical dissociations between face perception and face memory were only observed in four cases, a further 25% of the sample displayed dissociations between impaired famous face recognition and intact short-term unfamiliar face memory and face perception. We discuss whether this pattern of findings reflects (a) limitations within dominant diagnostic tests and protocols, (b) a less severe form of DP, or (c) a currently unrecognized but prevalent form of the condition that affects long-term face memory, familiar face recognition or semantic processing.

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Self-ratings of face recognition ability are influenced by gender but not prosopagnosia severity.

Abstract: The University of Gloucestershire accepts no liability for any infringement of intellectual property rights in any material deposited but will remove such material from public view pending investigation in the event of an allegation of any such infringement.

Cited by 14 publications

References 42 publications

Behavioural and cognitive mechanisms of Developmental Topographical Disorientation

Behavioural and cognitive mechanisms of Developmental Topographical Disorientation

Diagnosing developmental prosopagnosia: repeat assessment using the Cambridge Face Memory Test

Objective Patterns of Face Recognition Deficits in 165 Adults with Self-Reported Developmental Prosopagnosia

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