Self-referencing and consumer evaluations of larger-sized female models: A weight locus of control perspective

Martin, Brett; Veer, Ekant; Pervan, Simon J

doi:10.1007/s11002-007-9014-1

Cited by 52 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Specifically, we found that labeling a physical activity as fun reduced the amount of calories consumed in side dishes during a meal (study 1), the amount of hedonic food served (study 2), and perception of fun during a race positively influenced the choice of a healthy snack (study 3). In line with previous research (Martin et al 2007), these effects were consistent after controlling for BMI. This is, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of how framing a physical activity may differentially influence actual food consumption.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Is it fun or exercise? The framing of physical activity biases subsequent snacking

2014

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Do consumers eat more when they exercise more? If so, the implications could ripple through the multi-billion dollar fitness and food industries and have implications for both consumers and health-care providers. Three studies-two field experiments and one observational field study-triangulate on this potential compensatory mechanism between physical activity and food intake. The findings showed that when physical activity was perceived as fun (e.g., when it is labeled as a scenic walk rather than an exercise walk), people subsequently consume less dessert at mealtime and consume fewer hedonic snacks. A final observational field study during a competitive race showed that the more fun people rated the race as being, the less likely they were to compensate with a hedonic snack afterwards. Engaging in a physical activity seems to trigger the search for reward when individuals perceive it as exercise but not when they perceive it as fun. Key implications for the fitness industry and for health-care professionals are detailed along with the simple advice to consumers to make certain they make their physical activity routine fun in order to avoid compensation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Is it fun or exercise? The framing of physical activity biases subsequent snacking

2014

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“…All of these countries have recently experienced significant Western economic development in recent times. Research (Martin, Veer, & Pervan, 2007;Peck & Loken, 2004;Smeesters & Mandel, 2006) and marketing practice (Dove "Real Beauty" campaign) suggest that the marketers can use more obtainable, realistic, and possibly socially responsible depictions of a feminine body shape that matches their target audience, especially those of older women. What is not certain is how well this research and practice translates into effective and responsible promotions in countries other than the United States.…”

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confidence: 99%

Real or relevant beauty? Body shape and endorser effects on brand attitude and body image

D’Alessandro

Chitty

2011

Psychology and Marketing

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Endorsements play an important role in marketing communications. For international marketing communications, marketers must be cognizant of how the portrayal of body ideals and cultural background of endorsers can affect marketing communications. Two experimental studies showed that body image comparisons and the effectiveness of endorsers varies according to the type of body shapes portrayed and the body mass index (BMI) of the respondents. In the first experiment, the success or failure of endorsements was found to be influenced by their body shape and to some extent the cultural background with respect to the type of product or service promoted. In a second experiment where more realistic or mediumthin and medium-fat body shapes were used, source attractiveness was not influenced by body shape, while interest in the advertised brand increased for a thinner model. This may have occurred because body image comparisons were more obtainable for those in the second study, where more realistic body shapes were viewed in advertisements. Body mass index (BMI) was also found to influence the results, particularly if a poor body shape comparison triggers a poor body image. Counterfactually, this seems to occur with women with lower BMIs who view advertisements for fatter women. It appears that the use of body image and ethnic type of models should Psychology & Marketing, Vol. 28(8) be carefully considered by marketers so that they are relevant for their target audience. The use of more obtainable and ethnically relevant models may provide more effective advertising copy and be more socially responsible. In order to create interest in advertised brands, marketers may not need to use ultra-thin models. Marketers must also balance the promotional effectiveness of the use of body shapes that may too thin or more realistic with the social outcomes and consider carefully the BMI of their target market. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.:Endorsements play an important role in marketing communications. For international marketing communications, marketers must be cognizant of how the portrayal of body ideals and the cultural background of endorsers can affect the effectiveness of marketing communications (Bjerke & Polegato, 2006). Female endorsers in Western advertising have generally been used to present the ideal social self-concept, that of an ectomorphic or thin stereotype (Borchert & Heinberg, 1996;Butler & Ryckman, 1993;Lamb et al., 1993;Cohn & Adler, 1992;Forbes et al., 2001;Monteath & McCabe, 1997).Idealized body shapes are used in Western media because they are linked to attractiveness and the source credibility of the model or endorser (Joseph, 1982;Kahle & Homer, 1985;Simon, Berkowitz, & Moyer, 1970). While there is a positive reason for marketers to use idealized body shapes in advertising in order to influence attitudes and effect purchases, there are also negative consequences to the widespread use of this promotional format. In the case of young and vulnerable women, the constant portrayal of thin models may ...

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“…We measured A ad using five 5-point semantic differential items: "like / do not like"; "appeals / does not appeal"; "negative / positive feeling"; " good / bad"; and "irritating / not irritating" (Coulter & Pinto, 1995;Holbrook & Batra, 1987;Mackenzie & Lutz, 1989;Martin, Veer, & Pervan, 2007) (α = .934).…”

Section: Body Mass Index (Bmi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on Baker & Churchill (1977), Coulter & Pinto (1995), and Martin et al (2007), we measured purchase intention using four items ("Would you like to JOURNAL OF EUROMARKETING the Internet. However, they occupy senior positions and are highly respected by their peers in most of the emerging economies.…”

Section: Body Mass Index (Bmi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Marketing: Can Strategic Marketing be Applied to Subcontracting?

Blanch¹,

Chassagne²

2013

JEM

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EDITORIALIn the first article, Dimitrova et al. examine the impact of globalization on consumer store choice in four transition economies (TEs) in Central and Eastern Europe (Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia). The authors find that in countries that score higher on cultural globalization, consumers tend to shop in modern grocery stores such as supermarkets and hypermarkets. This suggests that direct contact with foreign cultures plays an important role in changing consumers' shopping patterns. Further, younger and more educated TE consumers as well as people who live in bigger towns are more likely to shop in modern grocery stores. Global retail chains should thus seek to penetrate TEs that have achieved a higher level of cultural globalization to take advantage of changing consumption patterns as well as target younger, more educated consumers and consumers who live in bigger towns. At the same time, global retailers that decide to penetrate TEs should not completely ignore host market culture because globalization might reinforce consumer desire to preserve cultural traditions in an attempt to protect their cultural identity. So, global retailers operating in or planning to penetrate TEs should offer a large variety of imported products that will allow TE consumers to satisfy their desire to experience other cultures as well as rely on the experience and local market knowledge of local suppliers in order to fulfill TE consumers' domestic product needs. Store design in TEs that have achieved a higher cultural globalization level should also reflect this blend of the global and the local. In addition, "mom-and-pop" stores in TEs that aim to resist the intense competition brought about by modern stores should offer a more specialized and customized product assortment that will allow TE consumers to experience foreign cultures without abandoning their local consumption patterns and tastes. In fact, these stores' key strategic advantage is their profound knowledge of the local market and their ability to cater to local consumers' needs. So, they should focus on further developing their capabilities in this area in order to sustain intense foreign competition.The mediating effect of preference for regular-size models in the relation between individual characteristics and attitude towards the advertisement, attitude towards the brand, and purchase intention is examined by Ketelaar et al. Past studies indicate that personal differences may influence the preference for regular-size models. The first personal characteristic that might influence the preference for regular-size models is BMI. The second personal characteristic that might influence the preference for regular-size models is age. The third personal characteristic that might influence for regular-size models is self-confidence. Closely related to this is body satisfaction. One might expect that women who are dissatisfied with their own bodies will feel uncomfortable when confronted with seemingly perfect thin models. The final characteristic is interna...

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Self-referencing and consumer evaluations of larger-sized female models: A weight locus of control perspective

Abstract: Larger-sized models, Self-referencing, Weight locus of control, Brand and advertising attitudes,

Cited by 52 publications

References 22 publications

Is it fun or exercise? The framing of physical activity biases subsequent snacking

Is it fun or exercise? The framing of physical activity biases subsequent snacking

Real or relevant beauty? Body shape and endorser effects on brand attitude and body image

Industrial Marketing: Can Strategic Marketing be Applied to Subcontracting?

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