Self-reported Outcome Expectations of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Are Malleable: a Registered Report that Replicates and Extends Rabipour et al. (2017)

Sansevere, Kayla S.; Wooten, Thomas; McWilliams, Thomas; Peach, Sidney; Hussey, Erika; Brunyé, Tad T.; Ward, Nathan

doi:10.1007/s41465-022-00250-x

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 80 publications

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“…For example, they overestimate the tangible effects of cognitive enhancements (Ilieva et al, 2013) and the enhancement's ability to target complex cognitive processes (Mihailov & Savulescu, 2018). Expectations are also easy to manipulate (Sansevere et al, 2022). Effects of cognitive enhancement drugs tend to be small and do not meet expected outcomes (Repantis et al, 2010;Roberts et al, 2020).…”

Section: A Success Storymentioning

confidence: 99%

Adapting Ourselves, Instead of the Environment: An Inquiry into Human Enhancement for Function and Beyond

Döbler,

Carbon

2023

Integr. psych. behav.

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Technology enables humans not only to adapt their environment to their needs but also to modify themselves. Means of Human Enhancement — embodied technologies to improve the human body’s capabilities or to create a new one — are the designated means of adapting ourselves instead of the environment. The debate about these technologies is typically fought on ethical soil. However, alarmist, utopian, and science fiction scenarios distract from the fact that Human Enhancement is a historical and pervasive phenomenon incorporated into many everyday practices. In the vein of disentangling conceptual difficulties, we claim that means of Human Enhancement are either physiologically or psychologically embodied, rendering the merging with the human user their most defining aspect. To fulfill its purpose, an enhancement must pass the test-in-the-world, i.e., assisting with effective engagement with a dynamic world. Even if failing in this regard: Human Enhancement is the fundamental and semi-targeted process of changing the users relationship with the world through the physical or psychological embodiment of a hitherto external object and/or change of one’s body. This can potentially change the notion of being human. Drawing on a rich body of theoretical and empirical literature, we aim to provide a nuanced analysis of the transformative nature of this phenomenon in close proximity to human practice. Stakeholders are invited to apply the theory presented here to interrogate their perspective on technology in general and Human Enhancement in particular.

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Section: A Success Storymentioning

confidence: 99%

Adapting Ourselves, Instead of the Environment: An Inquiry into Human Enhancement for Function and Beyond

Döbler,

Carbon

2023

Integr. psych. behav.

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Human Enhancement Without Organizational Knowledge and by Organizational Order

Döbler,

Carbon,

Schaub

2023

J Cogn Enhanc

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Organizations strive to ensure and maintain the reliability, safety, security, usability, and competitiveness of their processes, goods, and services. Improvement of employees’ skills and abilities contributes to these ends and is a relevant issue for the field of human factors. However, going a step further than designing ergonomics, implementing protocols, and conducting training is the attempt to enhance employee skills directly through various technological means. So-called Human Enhancement aims at direct technological interference with the employees’ skills and is a notoriously controversial yet deeply historical phenomenon. Drawing from empirical and theoretical literature on Human Enhancement, we seek to provide an initial analysis of this phenomenon in an organizational context. One motivational aspect of contemporary Human Enhancement is the need to meet internal, often self-related, or external, usually social or organizational, demands. Given the different effects and means of Human Enhancement, some forms are illicit, sanctioned, and/or condemned as morally wrong, while others are obligatory and well-established. Enhancement efforts can be based on individual initiative and, hence, without organizational knowledge. The opposite of the spectrum are enhancements applied by organizational order. We also emphasize how an organizational culture may incentivize engagement with illicit means of Human Enhancement. Potentially linked to safety and security-related aspects, its enhancement effects in relation to these two poles can inform stakeholders in their regulatory decisions.

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Audio-visual entrainment, cranio-electro stimulation, and sensory involvement: rival effects on attention and L2 vocabulary retention

Pishghadam,

Boustani,

Gerwien

et al. 2024

Applied Psycholinguistics

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It is believed that the attentional engagement of language learners may reinforce deeper neuronal processing and promote later retrieval. To address language learners’ needs and facilitate language learning, we used audio-visual entertainment (AVE) and cranio-electro stimulation (CES), in addition to multisensory-based instruction, to modify attention and retention processes. Thus, we taught a set of words with the common procedure of audio-visual instruction to 32 English language learners in the control group, CES, and AVE sessions. However, they received five sensory involvements (i.e., auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory, and gustatory) for the target words in the multisensory session. Following each instruction, a pragmatic-Stroop task and a true/false test were conducted to examine the subjects’ attention and retention processes, respectively. Analyzing the response times acquired from the pragmatic-Stroop task, it was found that multisensory-based instruction led to quicker responses in comparison to the audio-visual method preceded by AVE and CES stimulations. The response accuracy results from the retention test also revealed that the subjects provided more accurate responses to the words taught during the multisensory session. The implication is that the enriched multisensory inputs can improve L2 learners’ mental agility and facilitate successful retention and retrieval of information after a short interval period.

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Self-reported Outcome Expectations of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Are Malleable: a Registered Report that Replicates and Extends Rabipour et al. (2017)

Cited by 3 publications

References 80 publications

Adapting Ourselves, Instead of the Environment: An Inquiry into Human Enhancement for Function and Beyond

Adapting Ourselves, Instead of the Environment: An Inquiry into Human Enhancement for Function and Beyond

Human Enhancement Without Organizational Knowledge and by Organizational Order

Audio-visual entrainment, cranio-electro stimulation, and sensory involvement: rival effects on attention and L2 vocabulary retention

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