Self-Reported Outcome Measures of the Impact of Injury and Illness on Athlete Performance: A Systematic Review

Abstract

BackgroundSelf-reported outcome measures of athlete health, wellbeing and performance add information to that obtained from clinical measures. However valid, universally accepted outcome measures are required.ObjectiveTo determine which athlete-reported outcome measures of performance have been used to measure the impact of injury and illness on performance in sport and assess evidence to support their validity.MethodsThe authors searched Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, SPORTDiscus with Full Text and Cochrane library to January 2016. Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and papers included if an outcome measure of performance, assessed in relation to illness, injury or a related intervention, was reported by an elite, adult, able-bodied athlete. A checklist was used to assess eligible outcome measures for aspects of validity. Reporting of this study was guided by PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews.ResultsTwenty athlete-reported outcome measures in 21 papers were identified. Of these 20, only four cited validation. Of these four, three reported evidence to support validity in elite athlete groups as defined by the predetermined checklist. Fifteen patient-reported outcome measures were identified, of which four demonstrated validity in young athletic populations.ConclusionsMost athlete-reported outcome measures of performance have been designed for individual studies with no reported assessment of validity. Despite some limitations, the Oslo Sports Trauma Centre overuse injury questionnaire demonstrates validity and potential utility to investigate the self-reported impact of pre-defined conditions on athletic performance across different sports.

Oral health and performance impacts in elite and professional athletes

“…Of those with caries (DT ≥ 1), the median number of teeth affected was 2 (range 1-13). For those with one or more restorations (71.6%; 95% CI 66.7-76.1), the median number of teeth affected was 4 (range [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Nine of ten athletes (90.1%; 95% CI 86.5-92.9) assessed their general health as very good or good, and seven of ten (69.2%; 95% CI 64.1-73.8) assessed their oral health at this level (Tables S7,S8) Each variable was dichotomized to effect/no effect (Tables S11, S12). The presence of dental caries was associated with nonzero score for difficulty eating (P = .048).…”

“…To limit the length of the questionnaire, we used three items, most likely to be relevant to this young, fit population, to assess impact on quality of life (difficulty eating/drinking, relaxing including sleeping and smiling, laughing or showing teeth without embarrassment) taken from the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) outcome measure used in the Adult Dental Health Survey for England, Wales and Northern Ireland (ADHS 2009) . We employed the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre (OSTRC) overuse injury questionnaire to assess impact on performance, given that a systematic review identified this measure as having greatest validity in sport.…”

“…Domains included self-assessed general health status, oral health status, demographic characteristics, psychosocial impacts and the impact on performance in sport. To limit the length of the questionnaire, we used three items, most likely to be relevant to this young, fit population, to assess impact on quality 14,15 We employed the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre (OSTRC) overuse injury questionnaire 16 to assess impact on performance, given that a systematic review 17 identified this measure as having greatest validity in sport.…”

<b>Saúde, doença e cuidado: significados para jogadores de voleibol de alto rendimento/ Health, disease and care: meanings for high performance volleyball players<b>

“…Como consequência, observa-se que os atletas, especialmente os de alto rendimento, têm sido cada vez mais exigidos em termos de desempenho. O aumento do nível de exigência gera situações que podem ser consideradas potencialmente perigosas à saúde e ao bem-estar dos atletas (3)(4)(5) .…”

“…As pesquisas sobre o cuidado e a saúde dos atletas de voleibol têm focalizado principalmente o risco de lesões e cargas excessivas de atividade física (5)(6)(7) . No entanto, revisão integrativa sobre o cuidado em saúde e enfermagem no contexto do voleibol evidenciou a necessidade de estudos sobre cuidado de forma sistêmica, para além de processos biológicos focados no trauma, estresse e desgastes orgânicos (6) .…”