Self‐Stratifying Silicone Coating with Nonleaching Antifoulant for Marine Anti‐Biofouling

Abstract

dynamic surfaces, [4] polymethacrylate bearing ferrocenyl groups, [5] amphiphilic copolymers, [6] liquid-infused slippery surfaces, [7] surface-deforming materials, [8] enzyme containing coatings, [9] and so on. Among them, silicone-based FRCs with excellent fouling release ability have gained considerable attention because it is environment-friendly and has drag reducing ability. [10] The fouling release ability of silicone elastomers arises from its low surface energy and low elastic modulus. [11] The latter makes the elastomer form a physically dynamic surface to which microorganisms weakly adhere. [2b,12] Yet, an external shearing force is needed to detach fouling organisms from the surface of silicone elastomer that cannot resist biofouling in static immersion without strong water flow. Moreover, it was reported that slime consisting of bacteria and diatoms is able to accumulate on silicone surface, and it is difficult to remove even with the help of water jet. [13] Therefore, the fouling resistance of silicone-based FRC needs improving, particularly that on static conditions. Physical addition of antifoulant can improve the antifouling ability of silicone, but the release of antifoulant is usually not consistent since silicone is not erodible in seawater. Moreover, it may affect the metabolism and growth of nontarget marine organisms. Chemically immobilization of biocidal moieties such as organic antifoulant, [14] quaternary ammonium salt, [15] zwitterion, [16] and amphiphile [17] on PDMS elastomer can avoid their release. Yet, most of such biocidal moieties are readily trapped in bulk and cannot fully exert fouling resistance. Moreover, their presence often increases the modulus and swelling of the coating, leading to decreased fouling release and mechanical performances. Enrichment of the grafted biocidal moieties on coating surface can lead to good antifouling performance without undermining the advantages of silicone elastomers. However, it is a challenge because silicone segment tends to cover biocidal moieties during the formation of coating due to its low surface energy.In this study, we have prepared a novel telomer of triclosan acrylate (TA), dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA), and 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane, where triclosan is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent. [18] Silicone-based coating is Chemical immobilization of antifoulant groups to polymers is a promising approach to develop ecofriendly antifouling materials with static antifouling ability and a durable efficacy. In this work, telomer of dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA), triclosan acrylate (TA), and 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (KH590) is grafted to bis-silanol terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), yielding a novel self-stratifying silicone coating containing nonleaching antifoulants. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis reveals that the antifoulant groups are enriched on the coating surface due to DFMA migration. Such a modified PDMS coating can significantly inhibit the growth of marine bacteri...

Transparent Polymer‐Ceramic Hybrid Antifouling Coating with Superior Mechanical Properties

“…Compared with PEG or zwitterion‐modified polymer‐based and hybrid antifouling systems, [ 3–9,20 ] the results show our material exhibits similarly excellent antifouling performance but much higher hardness, modulus, and adhesion strength. For hybrid coatings designed for foldable displays, previous Zr containing materials or flexible hard hybrid coatings exhibit superior mechanical properties but with no antismudge or antimicrobial functions.…”

“…Today, eco‐friendly yet high antifouling performance antifouling coatings are expected. [ 2 ] Accordingly, siloxane‐based fouling‐release coatings, [ 3 ] antifouling copolymers, [ 4 ] and polymer brushes [ 5 ] have been prepared to inhibit biofouling. However, these polymer‐based materials often exhibit poor mechanical properties, and they are readily destroyed and even peeled from the substrate.…”

The Effect of Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) Length on the Wettability and Surface Chemistry of PEG-Fluoroalkyl-Modified Polystyrene Diblock Copolymers and Their Two-Layer Films with Elastomer Matrix

“…Polymer surface-active additives are used to modify and opportunely modulate the surface properties of the polymer matrix into which they are incorporated—either physically dispersed [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ] or chemically linked [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. In fact, by taking advantage of the ability of the additive to selectively segregate at the surface of a polymer film, the wettability properties are commonly changed [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Self-stratification of amphiphilic Janus particles at coating surfaces

“…In this way, many coating properties dictated by the surface layer, such as tackiness, hardness, water resistance, and dirt pick-up, can be designed and optimized separately from the bulk materials. [8][9][10][11][12] However, conventional coating systems do not self-stratify. Previous studies demonstrated that self-stratification will only happen for polymers of specific chemistry or particle mixtures of certain size ratios when a coating suspension dries.…”