Selfish or altruistic? The influence of thinking styles and stereotypes on moral decision-making

Liang, Fuqun; Tan, Qianbao; Zhan, Youlong; Wu, Xutong; Li, Jiayuan

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110465

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Utilitarian moral judgement is more concerned with maximising the outcome of an action even if the action is harmful and it is not the case with non-utilitarians who are concerned with the action itself being ethical regardless of outcome [27]. Another study found similar results where moral decision-making was significantly affected by the thinking style [28]. It was found that those with RS are more likely to protect their own interests, less prosocial, less altruistic and less helping behaviour than ES.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Rational thinking style was also more susceptible to stereotype bias in moral decision-making which could lead to negative emotions that "will cue both active and passive harm" [28] (p. 4) a result that might have negative implications for patient care. Another study looked at the relationship between moral sensitivity and medical error attitude and reporting where it was found that nurses who had more morals were more sensitive in making errors and would report the error for better future care [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Medical Profession Type, Gender, and Years of Experience on Thinking Styles: What Are the Implications for Patient Safety?

Bataweel¹

2022

JBBS

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Background: Healthcare providers were faced daily with many decision-making that impacted patients' safety. According to dual process theory, there were two types of thinking: Experiential style (ES) and Rational Style (RS). Both thinking styles had an impact on individuals' decisions making. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find out nurses' and physicians' styles of thinking and how this impacted patients' safety. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: Nurses and physicians sample of adults (n = 308), 190 (61.7%) of the sample were nurses and 118 (38.3%) of the sample were physicians. Participants completed a self-report online survey, which included demographic information followed by questionnaires to measure thinking style and a cognitive puzzle to see if the medical error was associated with certain styles of thinking. Results: The main findings were that nurses (M = 2.41, SD = 0.37) had significantly higher scores compared to physicians (M = 2.29, SD = 0.39) in their ES, t(305) = 2.73, p = 0.007; with medium effect size, d = 0.37692. Conclusion: Nurses differed from physicians in ES where nurses had a significantly higher score than physicians which could be positive for patients' safety as higher ES would report errors compared to lower ES.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Medical Profession Type, Gender, and Years of Experience on Thinking Styles: What Are the Implications for Patient Safety?

Bataweel¹

2022

JBBS

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“…Common rationality, collective decision-making, and productivity are three latent variables and each of them has some indicators that measure them. In this study, we used four indicators for common rationality in the group, including common thoughts (Liang et al, 2021), common goals (Tongo, 2015), common benefits (Ekwoaba et al, 2019), and common interests (Elster, 2021). Collective decision-making can be measured through several indicators including voting (Y.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different people have different inputs of emotions and cognitive abilities when making judgments and decisions, and differences in individuals may be related to people’s thinking styles. Therefore, thinking style influences the type of decision-making (Liang et al, 2021). Without a common rationality factor, there is little reason to expect that, despite individual differences in general intelligence, people’s thoughts will generally align in the same direction (Burgoyne et al, 2023).…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Collective Decision-Making on Productivity: A Structural Equation Modeling

Mirbagheri,

Rafiei Atani,

Parsanejad

2023

Sage Open

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The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between common rationality (as a factor of convergence of employees and managers), collective decision-making (as one of the important methods of participation), and productivity (as an important indicator of organizational success). Structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to investigate the strength of these relationships. After the distribution of 98 questionnaires among organizational experts we used Smart PLS 2.0 to analyze the data. The results show that the indirect relationship between common rationality and productivity through a mediating variable of collective decision-making is stronger than the direct effect of common rationality on productivity. It means that common rationality as a substantial asset for an organization could be used to improve productivity but if managers want to utilize this asset, they should apply it through another mediator which is collective decision-making. Collective decision-making could facilitate the relationship between common rationality and productivity by creating synergy among employees, reducing biases, increasing decision quality, and reaching the optimal decision.

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“…It involves a series of complex actions, such as overcoming local consideration, prioritizing goals and evaluating consequences [2]. Moral decision-making involves individuals to choose the self-perceived best action out of multiple alternatives, based on the consideration of the norms and values that guide human beings' behavior in society [3]. The reason why cognitive and emotional factors are considered in this study based on moral decision-making is because they are closely related.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive and Emotional Factors in Moral Decision-Making

2023

EHSS

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Moral decision-making happens in every individual’s life on a daily basis. It is having people to decide which is the right action when people have spotted an ethical issue. A lot of studies have been conducted focusing on cognition, emotion and moral decision making. Numerous studies are carried out to explore how moral decision-making is affected. This paper will be looking at the role cognitive and emotional factors play in moral decision-making in several aspects. First, the paper will focus on the role of emotional factors and cognitive factors separately, so to investigate the relationship between emotional and cognitive traits and moral decision making. Finally, the paper will look at how moral choices are affected when cognitive and emotional factors begin to be manipulated. Some limitations of previous studies were also analyzed and discussed. Directions of future research were demonstrated as well. This paper can provide some suggestions for the design of prevention and intervention courses for moral decision-making.

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Selfish or altruistic? The influence of thinking styles and stereotypes on moral decision-making

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

The Impact of Medical Profession Type, Gender, and Years of Experience on Thinking Styles: What Are the Implications for Patient Safety?

The Impact of Medical Profession Type, Gender, and Years of Experience on Thinking Styles: What Are the Implications for Patient Safety?

The Effect of Collective Decision-Making on Productivity: A Structural Equation Modeling

Cognitive and Emotional Factors in Moral Decision-Making

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