Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Networks Based on Cyanate Ester and Highly Soluble Thermoplastic Polyimide

Liu, Jingfeng; Fan, Weiyu; Lu, Gui; Zhou, Defeng; Wang, Zhen; Jiang, Yan

doi:10.3390/polym11050862

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Liu et al [ 42 ] reported the synthesis of semi-IPN by blending epoxy (BADCy) and thermoplastic polyimide (TPI) without any addition of solvent. The prepared blends displayed improved processability, as compared to the neat epoxy, as shown by the reduction in gelation time at 200 °C and lower values of viscosity onset temperature.…”

Section: Ipn Based Epoxy Systems With Thermoplastic Toughenersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toughening of Epoxy Systems with Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN): A Review

2020

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Epoxy resins are widely used for different commercial applications, particularly in the aerospace industry as matrix carbon fibre reinforced polymers composite. This is due to their excellent properties, i.e., ease of processing, low cost, superior mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. However, a pure epoxy system possesses some inherent shortcomings, such as brittleness and low elongation after cure, limiting performance of the composite. Several approaches to toughen epoxy systems have been explored, of which formation of the interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) has gained increasing attention. This methodology usually results in better mechanical properties (e.g., fracture toughness) of the modified epoxy system. Ideally, IPNs result in a synergistic combination of desirable properties of two different polymers, i.e., improved toughness comes from the toughener while thermosets are responsible for high service temperature. Three main parameters influence the mechanical response of IPN toughened systems: (i) the chemical structure of the constituents, (ii) the toughener content and finally and (iii) the type and scale of the resulting morphology. Various synthesis routes exist for the creation of IPN giving different means of control of the IPN structure and also offering different processing routes for making composites. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art on toughening of epoxy matrix system through formation of IPN structure, either by using thermoplastics or thermosets. Moreover, the potential of IPN based epoxy systems is explored for the formation of composites particularly for aerospace applications.

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Section: Ipn Based Epoxy Systems With Thermoplastic Toughenersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toughening of Epoxy Systems with Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN): A Review

2020

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“…The first is to blend a thermoplastic polymer with a thermoset resin. [18,21] However, most of the thermoplastic polymers used in this method have a considerable effect on the overall viscosity properties of the blends and also cause poor adhesion at the interface between thermoplastic and thermoset resin. [21][22][23] The second method is to introduce a block copolymer into the CE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[18,21] However, most of the thermoplastic polymers used in this method have a considerable effect on the overall viscosity properties of the blends and also cause poor adhesion at the interface between thermoplastic and thermoset resin. [21][22][23] The second method is to introduce a block copolymer into the CE. [19] One end of the molecular chain of the designed block copolymer is connected to the cyanate resin, and the other end is connected to a group incompatible with the cyanate resin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[19] The third method is introducing a phase separated structure based on a reaction-induced phase separation mechanism. [21,[26][27][28][29] Island and bi-continuous phase separated structures have been shown to exist in CEs/thermoset resins by controlling the reaction rate with strict processing requirements. [27,30] Furthermore, an inferior toughening effect can be realized with a non-phase separated structure by simply blending CE with polymers like epoxy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving the toughness of polycyanate ester by adding epoxy pre‐polymer with different molecular weights

Huang

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The toughness of polycyanate ester is improved by adding epoxy pre‐polymer with varying molecular weights. The curing mechanism of epoxy prepolymer (PreEP) and cyanate ester (CE) is discussed based on differential scanning calorimeters and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The mechanical, phase separated structures and thermal properties of PreEP/CE are also evaluated. It is found that the molecular weight of PreEP can reach 1,800 when it is cured at 90°C for 45 min by using a set amount of polyetheramine. Meanwhile, by increasing the molecular weight of the prepolymer, the mechanical properties of PreEP/CE show increased first, and then decreased. 0.2 PreEP/CE has the highest bending strength and impact strength (105.8 MPa and 18.3 kJ·m−2). There are 26.7 and 114.5% higher than those of polycyanate ester, respectively. The tougher PreEP/CE is attributable to the phase‐separated structures and the decrease in the cross‐linked product (Oxazolidinone) in PreEP and CE. The method showed in this article provides a new way to improve the toughness properties of thermoset resin.

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“…In addition, most of the experiments and simulations take polymer solution as the research object and there is less research on ASP solution. And most of the experimental research methods for polymer and other displacement agents are mainly aimed at analyzing the characteristic structure of molecular micromorphology [34,35,36,37] and the relevant parameters of shear rheological experiments [38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48]. Such research methods are relatively single.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Morphology and Viscoelasticity of ASP Solution under the Action of a Different Medium Injection Tool

Huang

et al. 2019

Polymers

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In order to improve the oil displacement effect of alkali/surfactant/polymer (ASP) solution in low-permeability oil layers, Daqing Oilfield has proposed a separate injection technology. The objective of separate injection technology is to reduce the viscosity of ASP solution through a different medium injection tool and increase the injection amount of ASP solution in low permeability oil layer, thus improving the oil displacement effect. In order to study the effect of the different medium injection tool on ASP solution, SEM is used to observe the changes in molecular micromorphology before and after the ASP solution flows through the tool. Then, the influence of the tool on viscosity and the first normal stress difference of the solution are studied through static shear experiments. Finally, the storage and loss modulus of the solution are measured through dynamic mechanical experiments and the relaxation time and zero shear viscosity of the solution are verified and compared. The results show that molecular chains are obviously broken and the grid structure is destroyed after the ASP solution is acted on by the different medium injection tool. The viscosity and elasticity of ASP solution decrease, and the influence degree of the different medium injection tool on viscosity is greater than elasticity. The results of the steady shear experiment and dynamic mechanics experiment are consistent. Therefore, the different medium injection tool can achieve the purpose of use, which is conducive to the injection of displacement fluid into low-permeability oil layers and enhance the recovery ratio.

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Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Networks Based on Cyanate Ester and Highly Soluble Thermoplastic Polyimide

Cited by 27 publications

References 26 publications

Toughening of Epoxy Systems with Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN): A Review

Toughening of Epoxy Systems with Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN): A Review

Improving the toughness of polycyanate ester by adding epoxy pre‐polymer with different molecular weights

Molecular Morphology and Viscoelasticity of ASP Solution under the Action of a Different Medium Injection Tool

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