Semi‐IPN of biopolyurethane, benzyl starch, and cellulose nanofibers: Structure, thermal and mechanical properties

Haque, Md. Minhaz‐Ul; Oksman, Kristiina

doi:10.1002/app.43726

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Some researchers have used SEM to detect the phase separations in order to demonstrate the formation of semi‐IPN. In addition, several scientists not only using SEM, but also have used FTIR spectroscopy to prove semi‐IPN structures by analyzing the formation of crosslinked and linear polymers by multi‐functional monomers and bi‐functional monomers . Herein, TGAP and DDS acting as multi‐functional monomers were used to form the epoxy crosslinked structure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxy resins toughened with in situ azide–alkyne polymerized polysulfones

Ying

Yang

Moon

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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To simultaneously improve the fracture toughness and heat resistance of a cured toughened epoxy resin along with a reduction in its viscosity during the mixing process, two novel polysulfone‐type polymers are synthesized via azide–alkyne polymerization for use as toughening agents. The epoxy resin toughened with these polymers by in situ azide–alkyne polymerization during the cure process, which shows excellent processibility and based on the significantly lower viscosity (61 and 62 cP) during epoxy mixing process than that of commonly commercial polyethersulfone (PES, 127,612 cP). The novel polysulfone‐type polymer toughened epoxy resin showed the advantage in excellent fracture toughness than the PES toughened epoxy. In addition, the glass transition temperature of the novel polysulfone‐type polymer toughened epoxy resin is similar to that of the neat one (∼230 °C) and does not decrease, which implies excellent heat resistance of the toughened epoxy. These phenomena can be attributed to the formation of semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks comprising the epoxy network and the linear polysulfone‐type polymers. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45790.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxy resins toughened with in situ azide–alkyne polymerized polysulfones

Ying

Yang

Moon

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…This is a good way to incorporate a second polymer into a polyurethane, thereby achieving more diverse properties due to the presence of the second polymer. Previously, some semi‐IPNs involving bio‐based materials interpenetrated by polyurethanes have been reported …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, some semi-IPNs involving bio-based materials interpenetrated by polyurethanes have been reported. 11,22,23 In this work, the first goal was to prepare polyurethanes by reacting TDI (1) with sorbitol (2) (Scheme 1). As far as we know, sorbitol-based polyurethanes (3) have not been previously reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of sorbitol‐based polyurethanes and their semiinterpenetrating polymer networks

Biswas

Cheng

Kim

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Sorbitol is a useful agro‐based substance that is inexpensive and commercially available. In the interest of adding value to bio‐based raw materials, we have synthesized polyurethanes from sorbitol and toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate (TDI) through both conventional heat and microwave processes. Relative to conventional heat, the microwave process achieved the same reaction at a faster rate, thereby saving time and energy. The nature of the resulting polyurethane products depended on the stoichiometry of the reaction. At increasing TDI levels, a viscous liquid, a soft gel, or a hard thermoset could be obtained. The polymers were fully characterized with 13C‐NMR, Fourier transform infrared, size exclusion chromatography, and thermogravimetric analysis. The polyurethanes obtained near the gel point could be used to make semiinterpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs) with a second polymer, thereby imparting some of the properties of the second polymer onto the sorbitol‐based polyurethane. For illustration, the sorbitol‐based polyurethane semi‐IPNs were made in combination with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and poly(lactic acid). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47602.

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“…In this way, more diverse properties can be achieved with the resulting material. Some examples of semi-IPNs involving polyurethanes have previously appeared. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Sucrose Polyurethanes and Their Semi-interpenetrating Polymer Networks with Polycaprolactone and Soybean Oil

Biswas

Kim

Gómez

et al. 2018

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Because of the current interest in sustainability, environmental stewardship, and green chemistry, there has been a lot of interest in using agrobased raw materials for the design of polymeric materials. One of the promising biorenewable materials is sucrose, which is inexpensive and widely available. In this work we have carried out the synthesis of sucrose−toluene diisocyanate-based polyurethane through microwave-assisted reactions. Comparisons of conventional heat versus microwave reactions have been made. Microwave-assisted synthesis has been found to significantly decrease the reaction time and save energy relative to conventional heat. The sucrose polyurethane has turned out to be a suitable matrix to prepare semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) involving a second material. Two examples shown in this work are the semi-IPNs of sucrose polyurethane with polycaprolactone and soybean oil. Characterization of the polymers has been conducted with 13 C NMR, FT-IR, sizeexclusion chromatography, and thermal analysis.

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Semi‐IPN of biopolyurethane, benzyl starch, and cellulose nanofibers: Structure, thermal and mechanical properties

Cited by 4 publications

References 55 publications

Epoxy resins toughened with in situ azide–alkyne polymerized polysulfones

Epoxy resins toughened with in situ azide–alkyne polymerized polysulfones

Preparation of sorbitol‐based polyurethanes and their semiinterpenetrating polymer networks

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Sucrose Polyurethanes and Their Semi-interpenetrating Polymer Networks with Polycaprolactone and Soybean Oil

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