Semi-Quantum Key Agreement and Private Comparison Protocols Using Bell States

Yan, Lili; Zhang, Shibin; Chang, Yan; Sheng, Zhiwei; Sun, Yuhua

doi:10.1007/s10773-019-04252-y

Cited by 30 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Here, the goal is to ensure that both A and B contribute to the generated raw key equally and that no one party can bias the result. Protocols achieving this in the semi-quantum case have been proposed in [127,133,134,135].…”

Section: Other Cryptographic Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Semi-quantum cryptography

Iqbal

Krawec

2020

Quantum Inf Process

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Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols allow two parties to establish a shared secret key, secure against an all powerful adversary. This is a task impossible to achieve through classical communication only; indeed, to distribute a secret key through classical means requires one to assume computationally bounded adversaries. If, however, both parties are "quantum capable" then security may be attained assuming only that the adversary must obey the laws of physics. But "how quantum" must a protocol actually be to gain this advantage over classical communication? This is one of the questions semi-quantum cryptography seeks to answer.Semi-quantum communication, a model introduced in 2007 by M. Boyer, D. Kenigsberg, and T. Mor (PRL 99 140501), involves the use of fully-quantum users and semiquantum, or "classical" users. These classical users are only allowed to interact with the quantum channel in a limited, classical manner. Originally introduced to study the key-distribution problem, semi-quantum research has since expanded, and continues to grow, with new protocols, security proof methods, experimental implementations, and new cryptographic applications beyond key distribution. Research in the field of semi-quantum cryptography requires new insights into working with restricted protocols and, so, the tools and techniques derived in this field can translate to results in broader quantum information science. Furthermore, other questions such as the connection between quantum and classical processing, including how classical information processing can be used to counteract a quantum deficiency in a protocol, can shed light on important theoretical questions.This work surveys the history and current state-of-the-art in semi-quantum research. We discuss the model and several protocols offering the reader insight into how protocols are constructed in this realm. We discuss security proof methods and how classical post-processing can be used to counteract users' inability to perform certain quantum operations. Moving beyond key distribution, we survey current work in other * semi-quantum cryptographic protocols and current trends. We also survey recent work done in attempting to construct practical semi-quantum systems including recent experimental results in this field. Finally, as this is still a growing field, we highlight, throughout this survey, several open problems that we feel are important to investigate in the hopes that this will spur even more research in this topic.

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Section: Other Cryptographic Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [145,146], protocols requiring only single photons were presented. Another protocol in [135] was developed which used a new semiquantum key agreement protocol developed in the same reference. A protocol where the quantum third party was not required to prepare entangled states was developed in [147].…”

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confidence: 99%

Semi-quantum cryptography

Iqbal

Krawec

2020

Quantum Inf Process

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“…The employment of layered entangled states and semi-quantum secure communication protocols are not exclusive to QKD. In fact, the proposals of [18,22,[25][26][27]39] testify the generality of the secure communication with classical Bobs. Layered secure semi-quantum communication protocols, however, remain much less explored.…”

Section: Confidentiality Of the Keymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The versatility of semiquantum communication protocols is reflected in many proposals including semi-QSS (SQSS), semi-QSDC (SQSDC), semi-quantum key agreement, etc. [6,9,18,[25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Layered semiquantum secure communication protocols

Bala¹,

Asthana²,

Ravishankar³

2022

Preprint

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In this paper, we harness the potential offered by multidimensional states in secure communication with only one quantum participant. We propose four protocols for-(i) layered semi-quantum key distribution (LSQKD), (ii) layered semi-quantum secret sharing (LSQSS), (iii) integrated layered semi-quantum key distribution and secret sharing (ILSQKD+SS), and, (iv) integrated layered semi-quantum secure direct communication and key distribution (ILSQSDC+KD) to share secret information in an arbitrary layered network. All the four protocols allow for simultaneous distribution of secure information in all the layers of a network, thanks to multidimensional states.

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“…Based on these settings, compared with the traditional quantum cryptography, semiquantum cryptography may effectively save quantum resource and quantum operations. The idea of semiquantumness has been applied into various branches of quantum cryptography so that the corresponding semiquantum cryptography branches have been established, such as SQKD [29][30][31][32][33], semiquantum secret sharing (SQSS) [34][35][36][37], semiquantum key agreement (SQKA) [38][39][40][41], semiquantum controlled secure direct communication (SQCSDC) [41] and semiquantum dialogue (SQD) [41,42], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-state semiquantum private comparison based on Bell states

Geng

Chen

et al. 2022

EPJ Quantum Technol.

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In this paper, a novel semiquantum private comparison (SQPC) protocol based on single kind of Bell states is proposed, which allows two classical parties to judge the equality of their private inputs securely and correctly under the help of a semi-honest third party (TP) who possesses complete quantum capabilities. TP is allowed to misbehave on her own but cannot conspire with anyone else. Our protocol needs none of unitary operations, quantum entanglement swapping or the reordering operations. Moreover, our protocol only needs to prepare single kind of Bell states as initial quantum resource. Detailed security analysis turns out that our protocol is secure against various outside and participant attacks. Compared with most of the existing SQPC protocols based on Bell states, our protocol is more feasible in practice.

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Semi-Quantum Key Agreement and Private Comparison Protocols Using Bell States

Cited by 30 publications

References 44 publications

Semi-quantum cryptography

Semi-quantum cryptography

Layered semiquantum secure communication protocols

Single-state semiquantum private comparison based on Bell states

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