Semiautomated determination of trypsin inhibitors in textured soy protein

Egberg, David C.; Potter, Richard H.; Honold, Guy R.

doi:10.1021/jf60199a042

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Indeed, some of the earliest forms of protease inhibitors were derived from natural products [52-54]. Efforts should be directed at determining the therapeutic efficacy of these remedies as well as the possibility of interactions through systematic research and clinical trials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

African herbal medicines in the treatment of HIV: Hypoxis and Sutherlandia. An overview of evidence and pharmacology

Mills

Cooper

Seely

et al. 2005

Nutr J

182

153

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In Africa, herbal medicines are often used as primary treatment for HIV/AIDS and for HIV-related problems. In general, traditional medicines are not well researched, and are poorly regulated. We review the evidence and safety concerns related to the use of two specific African herbals, which are currently recommended by the Ministry of Health in South Africa and member states for use in HIV: African Potato and Sutherlandia. We review the pharmacology, toxicology and pharmacokinetics of these herbal medicines. Despite the popularity of their use and the support of Ministries of Health and NGOs in some African countries, no clinical trials of efficacy exist, and low-level evidence of harm identifies the potential for drug interactions with antiretroviral drugs. Efforts should be made by mainstream health professionals to provide validated information to traditional healers and patients on the judicious use of herbal remedies. This may reduce harm through failed expectations, pharmacologic adverse events including possible drug/herb interactions and unnecessary added therapeutic costs. Efforts should also be directed at evaluating the possible benefits of natural products in HIV/AIDS treatment.The use of traditional medicine and Natural Health Products is widespread among those living with HIV infection [1]. Many patients take a broad range of natural health products (NHPs) in addition to their conventional therapeutic products [2][3][4]. In Africa, traditional herbal medicines are often used as primary treatment for HIV/AIDS and for HIV-related problems including dermatological disorders, nausea, depression, insomnia, and weakness [2,[5][6][7][8]. Some herbal and traditional medicines are not well-researched, poorly regulated, may contain adulterated products, and may produce adverse effects [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Notwithstanding these concerns, the use of traditional medicines by Africans living with HIV is believed to be widespread, although insufficiently documented [14][15][16].Despite a paucity of evidence on effectiveness, and the possibility of harm, the Ministries of Health of several African nations currently promote traditional medicines for the treatment of HIV and associated symptoms [12,17]. In the case of South Africa, the Ministry of Health is actively promoting the use of traditional medicines with antiretroviral treatments [18]. Two principal African herbal compounds used for HIV/ AIDS treatment in sub-Saharan Africa include Hypoxis hemerocallidea (common name: African potato), and Sutherlandia. These two herbal remedies are currently recommended by the South African Ministry of Health for HIV management [17]. The 14 member states of the South African Development Community (SADC) which includes Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, also support their use [19]. Responding to the compelling need for evidence regarding traditional medicines, we reviewed the current ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

African herbal medicines in the treatment of HIV: Hypoxis and Sutherlandia. An overview of evidence and pharmacology

Mills

Cooper

Seely

et al. 2005

Nutr J

182

153

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Total protein determinations were carried out by the Lowry method, using a calibration curve obtained with a standard solution of casein. Apro in solution was quanti®ed by a trypsin inhibition assay, that uses BAPNA as a substrate [10], and using calibration curves obtained with the same chemicals and reaction conditions. The validity of the method for the different conditions employed was always veri®ed.…”

Section: Determination Of Total Protein and Apro Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microparticles for delivering therapeutic peptides and proteins to the lumen of the small intestine

Amorim¹,

Ferreira²

2001

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics

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Several different peptides and proteins, such as the pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, growth factors and trefoil peptides, are known to play important roles in maintaining the structure and function of the gastrointestinal wall. With the advent of recombinant biotechnology, it has become feasible to test some of these proteins as therapeutics in different inflammatory conditions of the intestines. However, the harsh pH and enzymatic conditions of the stomach can lead to their inactivation. This research was aimed at the development of particulate, gastric-resistant pharmaceutical forms, incorporating those bioactive molecules. Mixtures of proteins in powder form were coated with cellulose acetate phthalate, Eudragit S100 or Eudragit RS PO, using simple preparation techniques based on single emulsion/solvent evaporation. Using aprotinin as a model drug, it was found that these procedures were effective in microencapsulating protein in the solid form without affecting its biological activity. Furthermore, and in particular with the first two polymers above, particles showed adequate in vitro release patterns for the applications envisioned.

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The determination of trypsin inhibitor levels in foodstuffs

et al. 1980

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The trypsin inhibitor activity of processed foods can be determined by measuring the loss of activity of added trypsin under standard conditions. Observed values are not usually independent of the degree of inhibition, and averaging over a range of inhibition levels or extrapolation to zero inhibition may not produce a more reliable value. A somewhat modified method is described which has been tested in two laboratories and used for large numbers of different samples on a routine basis; its application and limitations are discussed.

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Semiautomated determination of trypsin inhibitors in textured soy protein

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

African herbal medicines in the treatment of HIV: Hypoxis and Sutherlandia. An overview of evidence and pharmacology

African herbal medicines in the treatment of HIV: Hypoxis and Sutherlandia. An overview of evidence and pharmacology

Microparticles for delivering therapeutic peptides and proteins to the lumen of the small intestine

The determination of trypsin inhibitor levels in foodstuffs

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