Semiotics and the Philosophy of Language

Eco, Umberto

doi:10.1007/978-1-349-17338-9

Cited by 604 publications

(100 citation statements)

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“…All of these underlying assumptions are based on the similitude of photographs with the objects they depict. But even such similitude is a cultural-historical achievement that individuals have to reproduce and therefore cannot be taken for granted (Eco, 1984). The photograph can achieve its powerful role as representation of the real world only through the reader's work of reading, that is, the viewer's reproduction of the narrative and perceptual order of the image (Morrison, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making sense of photographs

Pozzer-Ardenghi

Roth

2005

Sci. Ed.

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ABSTRACT:In some contexts, a photograph may be worth a thousand words. Previous research revealed a dialectical character of photographs: they simultaneously lack determinacy and exhibit an excess of meaning. The purpose of this study was to understand how, under this condition, high school students interpret photographs that were accompanied by different amounts and types of cotext (caption, main text). The data for this study consists of video-recorded interviews with twelve Brazilian high school students. What students perceived was in part a function of the presence of caption and main text; these texts not only described what could be seen but also taught students how to look at photographs. We conclude that high school students not only need to develop subject matter literacy but also a literacy concerning photographs to fully understand their textbooks. INTRODUCTIONEvery image embodies a way of seeing. Even a photograph. For photographs are not, as is often assumed, a mechanical record. Every time we look at a photograph, we are aware, however slightly, of the photographer selecting that sight from an infinity of other possible sights. This is true even in the most casual family snapshot. The photographer's way of seeing is reflected in his choice of subject. . . . Yet, although every image embodies a way of seeing, our perception or appreciation of an image depends also upon our own way of seeing. (Berger, 1972, p. 10) We live in a visual world. Television, movies, and photographs are pervasive, constantly overwhelming us with images of reality in places other than where we currently are. It is therefore not surprising that photographs are also the most frequent type of inscription (representations other than language) in high school biology textbooks (Roth, Bowen, & McGinn, 1999). Existing research suggests that pictures make significant contributions to textbooks because of their potential for improving students' retention of associated text (Peeck, 1993). Yet there is very little research investigating the pedagogical role of photographs in school science: neither the psychology of cognition and learning (Schnotz, Picard, & Hron, 1993) nor science education research has paid much attention to this topic (Pozzer & Roth, 2003b). What complicates the issue is that photographs may be worth a thousand words, but on their own, they mean very little (Wittgenstein, 1958(Wittgenstein, /1994. They give rise to innumerable, different interpretations because, as our introductory quote articulates, their meaning emerges from the dialectic relation between the photographer's way of seeing and the perceptions of the reader. It is the reader's work of reading, the viewer's perception of the narrative and perceptual order of the photographic image and the surrounding text, and the meaning-making resources available to the reader that allows a specific interpretation of a photograph to arise (Bjelic, 1992). What then do high school students perceive when they look at photographic images in biology textbooks? How d...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making sense of photographs

Pozzer-Ardenghi

Roth

2005

Sci. Ed.

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“…Heidegger actively used such visual metaphors, such as "clearance being", "glimpse of life" (Eco, 1986).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perhaps this is one of the main differences between the pragmatic version of semiotics, for example, structuralism. In structuralism semiotics referent of the sign -is an abstraction, it refers to what the sign in the semiotic "encyclopedia" (Eco, 1986). The physiological reaction to the sign remains "out of the equation."…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontological and Semiotic Foundation of Virtual Ecology. An Overview

Shaev¹

2015

LUMENPHS

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Virtual reality is now becoming a reality in which spends most of its time modern man. Virtual reality is an ontological and semiotic phenomenon. The ontology of virtual reality includes levels and topos deployment of virtual and defines the basic perceptual foundations of human interaction with it. Semiotic nature of virtual reality is that it is replete with various characters. Virtual Reality itself is a complex system of interrelated characters of different levels and types. Ontological and semiotic foundation of virtual reality allow us to formulate and rethink the basic contours of virtual ecology as a discipline of the harmonious interaction of man and his environment in a virtual-space information environment as circulation of signs and their impact on human rights. Modern ecological knowledge is closely linked to the question of philosophy and social theory can be drawn to the problems of virtual reality and the information space. Problems of the Internet of things could be considered in the approaches of the virtual environment.

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“…She first pointed out that "damage" refers to the fact that something happens to the cliff, whereas the French version uses état [state], and she pointed out that Although Sabina noted a difference, she did not quite put her finger on the structural difference, which is related to the fact that the English version refers to cliffs in general, whereas the French version specifically pertains to the cliff described in the stem (cette falaise [this cliff]). In semiotics, two very different types of reasoning are required in solving a problem (Eco, 1984). In deductive reasoning, the movement is from the general rule to the particular case, whereas in abductive reasoning, the movement is from a particular case to the (unknown) general rule.…”

Section: Sabina (40 Dif F ) Noted That the English Version Stated Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Linguistic Sources of Differential Item Functioning Using Expert Think-Aloud Protocols in Science Achievement Tests

Roth

Oliveri

Sandilands

et al. 2013

International Journal of Science Education

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Even if national and international assessments are designed to be comparable, subsequent psychometric analyses often reveal differential item functioning (DIF). Central to achieving comparability is to examine the presence of DIF, and if DIF is found, to investigate its sources to ensure differentially functioning items do not lead to bias. In this study, sources of DIF were examined using think-aloud protocols. The think-aloud protocols of expert reviewers

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Semiotics and the Philosophy of Language

Cited by 604 publications

References 0 publications

Making sense of photographs

Making sense of photographs

Ontological and Semiotic Foundation of Virtual Ecology. An Overview

Investigating Linguistic Sources of Differential Item Functioning Using Expert Think-Aloud Protocols in Science Achievement Tests

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