SEN virus co‐infection among HCV‐RNA‐positive mothers, risk of transmission to the offspring and outcome of child infection during a 1‐year follow‐up

Moriondo, Maria; Resti, Massimo; Betti, Letizia; Indolfi, Giuseppe; Poggi, Giovanni Maria; Martino, Maurizio de; Vierucci, A; Azzari, Chiara

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2893.2006.00805.x

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…The lower frequency of SENV-D observed in this study might be correlated to possible primary interferon response. It is shown that SENV can be transmitted vertically [23,24]. According to Kao et al (2002) [12], and Serin et al findings (2005) [25], the prevalence of SENV in patients with acute hepatitis A infection is higher than healthy individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High frequency of SEN virus infection in thalassemic patients and healthy blood donors in Iran

Karimi-Rastehkenari

Bouzari

2010

Virol J

128

111

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BackgroundSEN virus is a blood-borne, circular ssDNA virus and possessing nine genotypes (A to I). Among nine genotypes, SENV-D and SENV-H genotypes have the strong link with patients with unknown (none-A to E) hepatitis infections. Infection with blood-borne viruses is the second important cause of death in thalassemic patients. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of SENV-D and SENV-H genotypes viremia by performing nested-PCR in 120 and 100 sera from healthy blood donors and thalassemic patients in Guilan Province, North of Iran respectively. Also, to explicate a possible role of SEN virus in liver disease and established changes in blood factors, the serum aminotransferases (ALT and AST) and some of the blood factors were measured.ResultsFrequency of SENV-D, SENV (SENV-H or SENV-D) and co-infection (both SENV-D and SENV-H) viremia was significantly higher among thalassemic patients than healthy individuals. Frequency of SENV-H viremia was significantly higher than SENV-D among healthy individuals. In comparison to SENV-D negative patients, the mean of mean corpuscular hemoglobin was significantly higher in SENV-D positive and co-infection cases (P < 0.05). The means of AST and ALT were significantly higher in thalassemic patients than healthy blood donors, but there were not any significant differences in the means of the liver levels between SENV-positive and -negative individuals in healthy blood donors and thalassemic patients. High nucleotide homology observed among PCR amplicon's sequences in healthy blood donors and thalassemic patients.ConclusionsThe high rate of co-infection shows that different genotypes of SENV have no negative effects on each other. The high frequency of SENV infection among thalassemic patients suggests blood transfusion as main route of transmission. High frequency of SENV infection in healthy individuals indicates that other routes rather than blood transfusion also are important. Frequency of 90.8% of SENV infection among healthy blood donors as well as high nucleotide homology of sequenced amplicons between two groups can probably suggest that healthy blood donors infected by SENV act partly as a source of SENV transmission to the thalassemic patients. In conclusion, SENV-D isolate in Guilan Province may be having a pathogenic agent for thalassemic patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High frequency of SEN virus infection in thalassemic patients and healthy blood donors in Iran

Karimi-Rastehkenari

Bouzari

2010

Virol J

128

111

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Unraveling the puzzle of human anellovirus infections by comparison with avian infections with the chicken anemia virus

Davidson¹,

Shulman

2008

Virus Research

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Vertical Hepatitis C Virus Transmission is not Related to Mother-Child Class-1 HLA Concordance

Azzari¹,

Indolfi²,

Betti³

et al. 2007

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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Mother-child human leukocyte antigen (HLA) diversity is protective for vertical transmission of some viruses. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of mother-child HLA diversity on hepatitis C virus (HCV) vertical transmission. Forty consecutive HCV infected and 46 consecutive control uninfected children born to HCV-RNA positive mothers were evaluated for HLA c1ass-l type concordance with their mothers. No significant difference in the degree of HLA concordance was found between HCV infected and uninfected children both when A, B, C (p=O.30) and when only A and B alleles were evaluated (p=O.59). Mother-infant HLA concordance does not affect HCV vertical transmission.Vertical transmission has been demonstrated for different viruses (1-5) but the mode of transmission is still incompletely known for many of them. Offspring may be infected during gestation or perinatally. As we previously demonstrated, vertical hepatitis C virus(HCY) infection may occur through both free viral particles and infected cells in maternal blood (6). Moreover, in the blood of patients with chronic HCV infection, the presenceof HCV-bearing exosomes, producedby blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) has been demonstrated, although its role in vertical transmission has been hypothesized but not yet evaluated (7). The foetus is exposed to maternal blood, and maternal cells may be found in cord blood samplesat a frequency of lout 10"-1()5 nucleatedcells(8).Wehavepreviously demonstrated that vertical transmission of HCV may occur only from mothers whose PBMCs are infectedby the virus (6) but it is still unclear which is the role played by maternal PBMe. In conditions in which the infected maternal cell is the main route and vehicle of transmission, as for human immunodeficiency virus type-I (HIV-I), human leukocyte antigen (HLA) diversity between mother and child may have a protective role against newborn infection inducing a more rapid clearance of maternal infected cells through newborn alloimmune anti-major hystocompatibility complex (MHC) response (9-10). On the contrary, where the PBMC has an indirect role, through excretion of infecting particles or exosomes, HLA concordance is probably irrelevant on vertical transmission of the virus.Therefore the aim of this study is to examine the relationship between HLA mother-child concordance and vertical transmission of HCV. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study populationForty consecutive infected infants, born from 39

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SEN virus co‐infection among HCV‐RNA‐positive mothers, risk of transmission to the offspring and outcome of child infection during a 1‐year follow‐up

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

High frequency of SEN virus infection in thalassemic patients and healthy blood donors in Iran

High frequency of SEN virus infection in thalassemic patients and healthy blood donors in Iran

Unraveling the puzzle of human anellovirus infections by comparison with avian infections with the chicken anemia virus

Vertical Hepatitis C Virus Transmission is not Related to Mother-Child Class-1 HLA Concordance

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