Unraveling the puzzle of human anellovirus infections by comparison with avian infections with the chicken anemia virus

Davidson, Irit; Shulman, Lester M.

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2008.06.014

Cited by 32 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 168 publications

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“…CAV a member of genus circovirus (a pathogen of chicken), has similarities in genome organization and transcription regulation sites with TTV. Both TTV and CAV have negative sense single stranded DNA circular genome [5,146].…”

Section: Resemblance Of Ttv With Chicken Anemia Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and Future Prospects of Torque Teno Virus

Elsaie¹

2013

J Vaccines Vaccin

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Human health has a significant importance and it is directly affected by a number of factors like different diseases including microbial and viral infections. Up till now we have paid attention to the disease causing viruses and pathogens and less has been investigated about the usefulness of normal viral flora. One such orphan virus is Torque Teno Virus (TTV). The virus is present in healthy as well as diseased population, indicating its high prevalence. The virus is ubiquitous to human body as it is present in almost all tissues and organs and this is the property that can be utilized for targeted drug delivery. Another potentially useful property of this virus is TTV derived Apoptosis Inducing protein that can be a hope for the affectees.

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Section: Resemblance Of Ttv With Chicken Anemia Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and Future Prospects of Torque Teno Virus

Elsaie¹

2013

J Vaccines Vaccin

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“…Positive PCR products were nearly identical in sequence to the corresponding region from the original ZcAV genome (a maximum of 1.2 % nucleotide difference in the 235 nt region of ORF2 amplified by the ZcAV-1 primers, GenBank accession numbers FJ580971-FJ580976). It is possible that there is sequence variability in the remainder of the ZcAV genome outside the amplicon in the wild sea lions, as sequence heterogeneity is well-known in anelloviruses (reviewed by Davidson & Shulman, 2008).When available, other tissue samples were collected from the wild sea lions. In addition to being present in 11 % of the lung samples (n554), ZcAV was detected in 20 % of tonsil samples (n55), 12 % of lymph-node samples (n525) and 40 % of liver samples (n55) ( Table 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anelloviruses are subgrouped into torque teno virus (TTV), torque teno mini virus (TTMV), torque teno midi virus (TTMDV) and small anellovirus (SAV), with known hosts including humans, non-human primates and domestic animals (Biagini et al, 2007;Hino & Miyata, 2007;Leary et al, 1999). The pathology of anelloviruses remains unknown (Davidson & Shulman, 2008;Hino & Miyata, 2007). To complete the genome of the novel California sea lion anellovirus (ZcAV), strand-displacement amplification (GenomiPhi or TempliPhi) and PCR were performed to amplify and sequence the genomic regions between the contigs until 36 coverage of the genome was obtained.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No consistent findings were noted in necropsies of the ZcAV-positive wild sea lions, so it is also unknown whether ZcAV was involved in their deaths. It has been suggested that TTV can potentially enhance the negative effects of other pathogens in humans (Davidson & Shulman, 2008). Based on extrapolation from human anelloviruses, it is possible that ZcAV was not directly responsible for the mortality event, but made the sea lions more susceptible to the effects of another unidentified pathogen.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel anellovirus discovered from a mortality event of captive California sea lions

Suedmeyer

Wheeler

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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A viral metagenomic study was performed to investigate potential viral pathogens associated with a mortality event of three captive California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). This study identified a novel California sea lion anellovirus (ZcAV), with 35 % amino acid identity in the ORF1 region to feline anelloviruses. The double-stranded replicative form of ZcAV was detected in lung tissue, suggesting that ZcAV replicates in sea lion lungs. Specific PCR revealed the presence of ZcAV in the lung tissue of all three sea lions involved in the mortality event, but not in three other sea lions from the same zoo. In addition, ZcAV was detected at low frequency (11 %) in the lungs of wild sea lions. The higher prevalence of ZcAV and presence of the double-stranded replicative form in the lungs of sea lions from the mortality event suggest that ZcAV was associated with the death of these animals.New diseases in marine animals are emerging at an increasing rate and the causative agents of the diseases are mostly unknown (Harvell et al., 1999;Van Bressem et al., 1999). As animals are considered to be the source of .70 % of emerging human infections (Cleaveland et al., 2001), surveillance of pathogens in animals, especially in non-human vertebrates, is important for protecting the health of both humans and wild animal populations (Kruse et al., 2004;Kuiken, 2005).Investigating new viral infections has been difficult due to limitations of current detection methods (reviewed by Delwart, 2007). For example, degenerate PCR and panviral microarrays can detect viruses with close sequence similarity to known viruses, but are limited for discovering novel viruses that share limited similarity with previously sequenced virus genomes. Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of virus-particle purification and shotgun sequencing (viral metagenomics) for describing novel viruses, including those that are unrelated to previously described virus families (Delwart, 2007;Edwards & Rohwer, 2005). The techniques of viral metagenomics were first applied to characterize virus communities present in the environment (Breitbart et al., 2002) One potential application of viral metagenomics is for examination of viral pathogens involved in unusual mortality events of animals. In 2005 and 2006, three California sea lions at the Kansas City Zoo, MO, USA, died in a mortality event of unknown aetiology. Necropsy and histopathology revealed granulomatous, non-suppurative mediastinitis and pleuritis in two of the sea lions, whilst the third sea lion was found to have an accumulation of lymphocytes and macrophages in the upper respiratory submucosa (W. K. Suedmeyer, unpublished results). Chemical toxicity assays using gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy did not detect pesticides, organic toxic compounds or abnormal mineral levels in pool water or gastric contents. All sea lions were negative for pathogenic bacteria, fungi and mycoplasma in culture-based assays and histopathology. The sea lions also tested negative for West Nile virus, ...

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Human anelloviruses and the central nervous system

Maggi

Bendinelli

2010

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Torque teno virus and related anelloviruses are a recent addition to the list of agents that cause chronic productive infections and high levels of plasma viraemia in humans. Many aspects of the natural history and pathogenesis of these under many respects surprising viruses are still poorly understood. In this review, we briefly outline the general properties of anelloviruses, examine what is currently known about the interactions they establish with the central nervous system (CNS), and discuss the possible pathological consequences.

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Unraveling the puzzle of human anellovirus infections by comparison with avian infections with the chicken anemia virus

Cited by 32 publications

References 168 publications

Current and Future Prospects of Torque Teno Virus

Current and Future Prospects of Torque Teno Virus

Novel anellovirus discovered from a mortality event of captive California sea lions

Human anelloviruses and the central nervous system

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