Senescence‐associated proteases in plants

Roberts, Irma N.; Caputo, Carla; Criado, María V.; Funk, Christiane

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01574.x

Cited by 177 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…An ATP-dependent Clp protease regulatory subunit clpD (encoded by senescence associated gene15) was associated with leaf senescence in aspen (Populus tremula) and Arabidopsis plants (Roberts et al, 2012). Significant upregulation of clpD transcript was evident in the lower leaves of SIR Ri plants ( Fig.…”

Section: Sir-impaired Plants Demonstrate Early Leaf Senescencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The casein lytic proteinase (Clp) complex is the most abundant protease in the chloroplast stroma and is known to be involved in controlling leaf senescence and response to various stress factors (Roberts et al, 2012). An ATP-dependent Clp protease regulatory subunit clpD (encoded by senescence associated gene15) was associated with leaf senescence in aspen (Populus tremula) and Arabidopsis plants (Roberts et al, 2012).…”

Section: Sir-impaired Plants Demonstrate Early Leaf Senescencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Impairment in Sulfite Reductase Leads to Early Leaf Senescence in Tomato Plants

et al. 2014

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Sulfite reductase (SiR) is an essential enzyme of the sulfate assimilation reductive pathway, which catalyzes the reduction of sulfite to sulfide. Here, we show that tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants with impaired SiR expression due to RNA interference (SIR Ri) developed early leaf senescence. The visual chlorophyll degradation in leaves of SIR Ri mutants was accompanied by a reduction of maximal quantum yield, as well as accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation. Interestingly, messenger RNA transcripts and proteins involved in chlorophyll breakdown in the chloroplasts were found to be enhanced in the mutants, while transcripts and their plastidic proteins, functioning in photosystem II, were reduced in these mutants compared with wild-type leaves. As a consequence of SiR impairment, the levels of sulfite, sulfate, and thiosulfate were higher and glutathione levels were lower compared with the wild type. Unexpectedly, in a futile attempt to compensate for the low glutathione, the activity of adenosine-59-phosphosulfate reductase was enhanced, leading to further sulfite accumulation in SIR Ri plants. Increased sulfite oxidation to sulfate and incorporation of sulfite into sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols were not sufficient to maintain low basal sulfite levels, resulting in accumulative leaf damage in mutant leaves. Our results indicate that, in addition to its biosynthetic role, SiR plays an important role in prevention of premature senescence. The higher sulfite is likely the main reason for the initiation of chlorophyll degradation, while the lower glutathione as well as the higher hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde additionally contribute to premature senescence in mutant leaves.

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Section: Sir-impaired Plants Demonstrate Early Leaf Senescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sir-impaired Plants Demonstrate Early Leaf Senescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Impairment in Sulfite Reductase Leads to Early Leaf Senescence in Tomato Plants

et al. 2014

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“…Although the routes for protein turnover in aging leaves are not fully understood, plastid resident proteases, senescenceassociated vacuoles (SAVs), and macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) are considered to be three important routes (Otegui et al, 2005;Ishida et al, 2008;Wada et al, 2009;Roberts et al, 2012). As examples, the transcript levels of multiple chloroplast proteases and various components of the autophagic machinery are known to rise early during leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana and various cereals (Parrott et al, 2007;Liu et al, 2008;Phillips et al, 2008;Ruuska et al, 2008;Breeze et al, 2011;Avila-Ospina et al, 2014;Penfold and Buchanan-Wollaston, 2014) and is concomitant with the export of major protein stores like Rubisco and glutamine synthetase into SAVs with intense proteolytic activity (Otegui et al, 2005;Martínez et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagic Recycling Plays a Central Role in Maize Nitrogen Remobilization

et al. 2015

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Autophagy is a primary route for nutrient recycling in plants by which superfluous or damaged cytoplasmic material and organelles are encapsulated and delivered to the vacuole for breakdown. Central to autophagy is a conjugation pathway that attaches AUTOPHAGY-RELATED8 (ATG8) to phosphatidylethanolamine, which then coats emerging autophagic membranes and helps with cargo recruitment, vesicle enclosure, and subsequent vesicle docking with the tonoplast. A key component in ATG8 function is ATG12, which promotes lipidation upon its attachment to ATG5. Here, we fully defined the maize (Zea mays) ATG system transcriptionally and characterized it genetically through atg12 mutants that block ATG8 modification. atg12 plants have compromised autophagic transport as determined by localization of a YFP-ATG8 reporter and its vacuolar cleavage during nitrogen or fixed-carbon starvation. Phenotypic analyses showed that atg12 plants are phenotypically normal and fertile when grown under nutrient-rich conditions. However, when nitrogen-starved, seedling growth is severely arrested, and as the plants mature, they show enhanced leaf senescence and stunted ear development. Nitrogen partitioning studies revealed that remobilization is impaired in atg12 plants, which significantly decreases seed yield and nitrogen-harvest index.Together, our studies demonstrate that autophagy, while nonessential, becomes critical during nitrogen stress and severely impacts maize productivity under suboptimal field conditions.

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“…Proteolysis is also vital for the adaptation to abiotic or biotic stresses [27]. Proteases are highly regulated enzymes classified into four major classes: cysteine-, serine-, Acta Biologica Hungarica 67,2016 aspartic acid-and metalloproteases [19]. Cysteine proteases, the cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific proteinases (caspases), have a key role in the animal proteolytic signaling cascade during apoptosis [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salicylic acid induced cysteine protease activity during programmed cell death in tomato plants

Kovács¹,

Poór²,

Szepesi³

et al. 2016

Acta Biologica Hungarica

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The hypersensitive response (HR), a type of programmed cell death (PCD) during biotic stress is mediated by salicylic acid (SA). The aim of this work was to reveal the role of proteolysis and cysteine proteases in the execution of PCD in response of SA. Tomato plants were treated with sublethal (0.1 mM) and lethal (1 mM) SA concentrations through the root system. Treatment with 1 mM SA increased the electrolyte leakage and proteolytic activity and reduced the total protein content of roots after 6 h, while the proteolytic activity did not change in the leaves and in plants exposed to 0.1 mM SA. The expression of the papain-type cysteine protease SlCYP1, the vacuolar processing enzyme SlVPE1 and the tomato metacaspase SlMCA1 was induced within the first three hours in the leaves and after 0.5 h in the roots in the presence of 1 mM SA but the transcript levels did not increase significantly at sublethal SA. The Bax inhibitor-1 (SlBI-1), an antiapoptotic gene was over-expressed in the roots after SA treatments and it proved to be transient in the presence of sublethal SA. Protease inhibitors, SlPI2 and SlLTC were upregulated in the roots by sublethal SA but their expression remained low at 1 mM SA concentration. It is concluded that in contrast to leaves the SA-induced PCD is associated with increased proteolytic activity in the root tissues resulting from a fast up-regulation of specific cysteine proteases and down-regulation of protease inhibitors.

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Senescence‐associated proteases in plants

Cited by 177 publications

References 61 publications

Impairment in Sulfite Reductase Leads to Early Leaf Senescence in Tomato Plants

Impairment in Sulfite Reductase Leads to Early Leaf Senescence in Tomato Plants

Autophagic Recycling Plays a Central Role in Maize Nitrogen Remobilization

Salicylic acid induced cysteine protease activity during programmed cell death in tomato plants

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