Sense of self-efficacy and the content of energy and nutrients in the diet of elite Polish basketball players

Abstract

Background. In research on the subject, the predictive importance of personal resources is indicated for diet quality. Objective. The aim of the study was quantitative assessment of diet depending on the level of generalised self- efficacy among elite Polish basketball players. Material and Methods. Food diaries (2 training days and 1 no training day) of 48 basketball players were analysed. Further assessed were 144 food rations based on the Diet 6.0 program, and the results were compared to the current Polish nutritional standards. The Generalised Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) was also used. Statistical analyses were performed by estimating Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (p<0.05). Results. The share of energy from proteins, fats and carbohydrates was 18.2%, 29.4% and 52.4%, respectively. Of the mineral salts, the average diet contained: 2,107.6 mg sodium, 2,918.3 mg potassium, 736.3 mg calcium, 1,372.2 mg phosphorus, 380.1 mg magnesium, and 11.6 mg iron. Of the vitamins, the average diet contained: 1,100.3 μg of vitamin A, 5.3 μg of vitamin D, vitamin E in the amount of 8.2 mg, 78.1 mg of vitamin C, 1.1 mg vitamin B1, 1.3 mg vitamin B2, 1.9 mg of vitamin B6, 271.7 μg of vitamin B9 and 4.7 μg of vitamin B12. It was also shown that as the sense of self-efficacy developed, the supply of energy, water, protein, digestible carbohydrates, energy from carbohydrates, sucrose and PUFAs also increased in the players’ diets. At the same time, along with the increase in self-efficacy, the supply of: Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Cu and iodine as well as vitamins: A, E, B1, B3, B6 and C, also increased in the players’ diets. Conclusions. Incomplete diet balance has been demonstrated, as well as significant relationships between the level of self-efficacy and the supply of certain nutrients in the diet of elite Polish basketball players. The obtained results indicate the legitimacy of diet monitoring and nutritional education as well as considering personality traits in activities promoting maintaining a proper diet among athletes.

Personality Determinants of Diet Health Quality among an Elite Group of Polish Team Athletes

“…The demonstrated low level of the pro-healthy diet among elite Polish team athletes corresponds to nutritional, quantitative and qualitative irregularities shown in various groups of athletes, including those training team disciplines, both in Poland [ 35 , 36 ] and in other countries [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. Varying levels of diet quality indices among athletes have also been found in various studies.…”

Personality Determinants of Eating Behaviours among an Elite Group of Polish Athletes Training in Team Sports

“…The qualitative nutritional mistakes shown in the discussed research have also been described by other authors in many groups of athletes performing at various levels of sport, including Polish athletes of individual and team sports disciplines [ 32 ], field hockey players [ 33 ], English rugby players [ 34 ], amateur footballers [ 35 ], Spanish team sports players [ 36 ] and academic athletes [ 37 ]. Diet imbalances related to the improper consumption of products has also been described in numerous studies, among team and individual sports players [ 38 ], footballers from Cyprus [ 39 ], Polish basketball players [ 20 ], junior and senior football players [ 40 ], Australian footballers representing various sports levels [ 41 , 42 ] as well as professional footballers from the Dutch league [ 43 ]. The results of the quantitative evaluation of diet among elite Polish basketball players allowed us to confirm the low supply of many nutrients, including dietary fibres and vitamins (B1, B9, C) and mineral salts (potassium, calcium, iodine) [ 20 ].…”

“…Diet imbalances related to the improper consumption of products has also been described in numerous studies, among team and individual sports players [ 38 ], footballers from Cyprus [ 39 ], Polish basketball players [ 20 ], junior and senior football players [ 40 ], Australian footballers representing various sports levels [ 41 , 42 ] as well as professional footballers from the Dutch league [ 43 ]. The results of the quantitative evaluation of diet among elite Polish basketball players allowed us to confirm the low supply of many nutrients, including dietary fibres and vitamins (B1, B9, C) and mineral salts (potassium, calcium, iodine) [ 20 ]. Among elite representatives of Spanish team sports, low blood levels of vitamin D3 have been described [ 44 ].…”

“…In a different study, a relationship has also been noted between other psychological features and diet quality of athletes. Research in this area allowed confirmation of the positive predictive importance of personal resources (general sense of self-efficacy, dispositional optimism and life satisfaction) for diet quality of athletes, including Polish American football players [ 21 ], athletes of individual disciplines [ 18 ] and elite Polish basketball players [ 19 , 20 ].…”

“…Research on the relationships between personality traits of the Big Five model and diet has been carried out on various continents and in numerous countries, including New Zealand among young adults, in West Africa among students of the University of Ghana and in Europe among Polish and Spanish physical education students [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. In Poland, research on the psychological determinants of eating behaviours and the use of ergogenic aids by athletes has mainly concerned personal resources, including the general sense of self-efficacy and dispositional optimism [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”