Background:The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the level of knowledge regarding health and health education as well as the pro-health behaviours of students of physical education and other teaching specialisation. Material and methods: Anonymous and voluntary research was carried out in the years 2013--2014 among a randomly chosen group of Krakow academic youth. The research applied: involved the Inventory of Health Behaviours (IHB) (Polish: Inwentarz Zachowań Zdrowotnych) by Z. Juczyński, a short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and an original test on knowledge regarding health determinants and education.Results: Research has indicated differences in some health behaviours (IHB) and physical activity (IPAQ) of the students. It was found that along with an increase in the level of knowledge about health and health education, the level of pro-health behaviours, especially regarding healthy eating habits, also increased. However, there were no statistically significant correlations between knowledge about health and health education and the level of physical activity of students of the teaching specialisation.Conclusions: Preparing students -future teachers -for the to implementation of health education at school requires comprehensive impact on various areas of health culture, including the level of knowledge about health determinants, pro-health behaviours, the position of health within one's value system and appropriate methodological competences.

The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and diet quality indexes among Polish and Spanish physical education students. The study was conducted among students from Poland (n = 219) and Spain (n = 280), using the Dietary Habits and Nutrition Beliefs Questionnaire and the NEO-FFI (NEO Five-Factor Inventory) questionnaire. Two indexes were used: the Pro-healthy Diet Index (pHDI-10) and the Non-healthy Diet Index (nHDI-14). For statistical analysis, the t-test with independent estimation of variance as well as both Spearman’s and Pearson’s correlation analysis and moderation analysis with simple slopes were used. Polish and Spanish physical education students demonstrated low levels of healthy (pHDI-10) and unhealthy (nHDI-14) diet indexes, with Polish students showing significantly higher intensities of both indicators (p < 0.001). As extraversion intensified, the levels of pHDI-10 and nHDI-14 increased (p < 0.05). The nHDI-14 index for all students decreased along with increasing openness to experiences (p < 0.01) and agreeableness (p < 0.05), and the pHDI-10 index increased with the rise in conscientiousness (p < 0.01). Analyses have indicated that the home country is an important moderator of personality relationships with the Non-healthy Diet Index (nHDI-14), which, along with the increase in conscientiousness, increased in students from Spain, while it decreased among students from Poland (p < 0.001). Polish and Spanish physical education students showed a low level of healthy (pHDI-10) and unhealthy (nHDI-14) diets depending on country of origin. Additionally, significant correlations were noted between the Big Five personality traits and pHDI-10 and nHDI-14 indexes, and a moderating impact was observed by the home country on the relationships of selected personality traits with the Non-healthy Diet Index (nHDI-14).

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to analyze selected individual determinants of dietary choices, important for etiology and prevention of degenerative cardiovascular disorders, in a group of menopausal women diagnosed with arterial hypertension.Material and methodsThe study included a group of 160 women from the Małopolska region, aged between 45 and 60 years and diagnosed with arterial hypertension. A questionnaire assessing the frequency of food product consumption was used, along with standardized psychological tests (GSES, LOT-R, and SWLS). Spearman's coefficients of rank correlation and the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests were used for statistical analysis.ResultsWe revealed that higher levels of self-efficacy were associated with more frequent consumption of whole grains, oatmeal, raw vegetables, fruit, semi-skimmed milk, natural yoghurt, marine fish, legume seeds, soy products, nuts, plant oils, and fruit and vegetable juices, as well as with less frequent consumption of whole milk, high-fat cottage cheese, and sweetened carbonated beverages and alcoholic beverages. The levels of optimism and satisfaction with life correlated positively with the consumption frequency of brown rice, whole grains, oatmeal, fruit, marine fish, legumes, soy products, nuts, butter, and fruit juices, and were inversely correlated with the consumption of white bread, high-fat cottage cheese, pork meat and sausages, and sweets and pastries.ConclusionsPostmenopausal women with arterial hypertension who were characterized by lower levels of self-efficacy, optimism, and satisfaction with life made less rational dietary choices which could negatively affect the efficacy of the secondary prevention of cardiovascular degenerative disorders.

Wstęp. Poprawie potencjału zdrowotnego człowieka sprzyjają rekreacyjna aktywność fizyczna i racjonalny sposób żywienia, które są warunkowane różnymi czynnikami, w tym cechami osobowości jednostki. Cel pracy. Celem badań była analiza zależności między poczuciem własnej uogólnionej skuteczności a częstością konsumpcji wybranych produktów spożywczych w grupie młodych kobiet rekreacyjnie uprawiających fitness. Materiał i metody. Badania przeprowadzono w grupie 200 młodych kobiet (25-35 lat), regularnie podejmujących rekreacyjną aktywność fizyczną w małopolskich klubach fitness. Zastosowano autorski kwestionariusz częstości spożywania produktów i Skalę Własnej Uogólnionej Skuteczności (GSES) Schwarzera i wsp. Analizę wyników przeprowadzono z zastosowaniem testu U Manna-Whitneya i współczynników korelacji rangowych Spearmana w pakiecie statystycznym PQStat ver. 1.6. Wyniki. Analiza statystyczna wykazała, że wraz ze wzrostem poczucia skuteczności kobiet wrastała częstość spożywania pieczywa razowego (p<0,01), ryżu i makaronu razowego (p<0,001), nasion strączkowych (p<0,05), mlecznych przetworów fermentowanych (p<0,05), ryb (p<0,01), owoców morza (p<0,05), mięsa (p<0,05) i soków warzywnych (p<0,05). Porównanie średniej częstości konsumpcji produktów spożywczych w zależności od poziomu skuteczności dowiodło, że kobiety o wysokim jej nasileniu istotnie częściej spożywały pieczywo razowe (p<0,05), ryż i makaron razowy (p<0,001), sery twarogowe o obniżonej zawartości tłuszczu (p<0,01), owoce morza (p<0,05), oliwę z oliwek (p<0,05), soki warzywne (p<0,05), napoje słodkie (p<0,05) i wodę mineralną (p<0,05), a istotnie rzadziej pieczywo jasne (p<0,05) niż kobiety o niższej samoskuteczności. Wnioski. Wykazano predykcyjną rolę poczucia własnej uogólnionej skuteczności w odniesieniu do jakościowych aspektów sposobu żywienia młodych aktywnych fizycznie kobiet, ze wskazaniem na bardziej racjonalne wybory żywieniowe kobiet o wyższym jej nasileniu.

Purpose. Evaluation of the frequency of consuming food products depending on sex, age, and level of self-efficacy, optimism and life satisfaction in a group of athletes professionally training individual sports disciplines. Methods. the research was performed among 346 individuals (214 men and 132 women). the author's personal consumption questionnaire, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Life Orientation test-revised, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale were used. the Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients served to analyse the results. Results. Women more often consumed vegetables, milk, and curd cheeses with reduced fat content; men more often consumed legume seeds, whole-fat curds, pork, vegetable juices, and energy drinks. the statistical analysis showed a positive correlation between the intensity of sense of efficacy and the frequency of consuming legume seeds, semi-skimmed milk, poultry, and isotonic drinks. the level of optimism was negatively correlated with the frequency of consuming light bread, sugary beverages, and energy drinks, while it positively correlated with the frequency of consuming fruit juices. Along with the increase in life satisfaction, the frequency of consumption of wholemeal bread increased, while that of fast food products decreased. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that along with age, the respondents more often included poultry and mineral water in their diets, and significantly less often consumed whole-fat milk, pork, sweets, and pastries. Conclusions. Food choices varied depending on sex, age, and level of efficacy, dispositional optimism and life satisfaction.