Sensing and Bioimaging of the Gaseous Signaling Molecule Hydrogen Sulfide by Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probes

Abstract

A fluorescent probe for the monitoring of H 2 S levels in living cells and organisms is highly desirable. In this regard, nearinfrared (NIR) fluorescent probes have emerged as a promising tool. NIR-I and NIR-II probes have many significant advantages; for instance, NIR light penetrates deeper into tissue than light at visible wavelengths, and it causes less photodamage during biosample analysis and less autofluorescence, enabling higher signal-to-background ratios. Therefore, it is expected that fluorescent probes having emission in the NIR region are more suitable for in vivo imaging. Consequently, a considerable increase in reports of new H 2 Sresponsive NIR fluorescent probes appeared in the literature. This review highlights the advances made in developing new NIR fluorescent probes aimed at the sensitive and selective detection of H 2 S in biological samples. Their applications in real-time monitoring of H 2 S in cells and in vivo for bioimaging of living cells/animals are emphasized. The selection of suitable dyes for designing NIR fluorescent probes, along with the principles and mechanisms involved for the sensing of H 2 S in the NIR region, are described. The discussions are focused on small-molecule and nanomaterialsbased NIR probes.

Deep-Red/Near-Infrared Turn-On Fluorescence Probes for Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1A1 in Cancer Stem Cells

“…Compared to fluorescence probes whose absorption and emission maxima are in the ultraviolet (UV) to visible region (350–600 nm), those working in the deep-red/near-infrared (DR/NIR) region (650–900 nm) possess unique advantages for tracing molecular processes in vitro and in vivo. − The autofluorescence generated by endogenous biomolecules in living systems can be significantly lower in the DR/NIR emission range. ,, Moreover, DR/NIR photons can penetrate deeper into tissues with less damage to biological specimens. In this context, DR/NIR fluorescence probes for in vitro and in vivo CSC imaging are highly desirable.…”

Highly Selective Fluorescent Probe Design for Visualizing Hepatic Hydrogen Sulfide in the Pathological Progression of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

“…In the past few decades, H 2 S fluorescent probes have been developed for chemical and biological applications, but most of these probes emitted in the visible light region and were limited to detection of cells and tissues . So far, only a few cases of fluorescent probes have been used for H 2 S detection in vivo. − However, it is still challenging to detect endogenous H 2 S due to the more complex environment of the living body such as high reactive oxygen species in disease states, which requires probes and fluorophores with higher stability than that of cellular H 2 S probes.…”

A hydrostable CuII coordination network prepared hydrothermally as a “turn-on” fluorescent sensor for S2− and a selective adsorbent for methylene blue

“…Therefore, environmental protection issues have received more and more attention from all walks of life. 1,2 As a constant element with a content of 0.25% (w/w) in the human body, sulfur in an appropriate amount could show some biological effects, such as prevention and treatment of tumors, antibacterial and antiviral, lowering of blood lipids, anticoagulation, inhibition of platelet aggregation and adhesion. 3,4 However, excessive sulfide as a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.…”