Sensing as the key to battery lifetime and sustainability

Abstract

Recent economic and productivity gains of rechargeable batteries have cemented their dominance in energy-intensive societies. With demand soaring, enhancing battery performance through continuous monitoring is essential to limiting their environmental footprint. While some benefits of sensing have been known for a century, the convergence of fiber optic techniques with new battery platforms is poised to change the industry as a wealth of chemical, thermal, and mechanical data will transform the utilization strategies for new and used lithium-ion devices alike. This Review highlights recent advances and associated benefits with a focus on optical sensors that could improve the sustainability of batteries.

Intelligent Monitoring for Safety‐Enhanced Lithium‐Ion/Sodium‐Ion Batteries

“…The insufficient detection of these safety problems limits the full play of battery performance. [34,46,47] Here, potential safety hazards are introduced from different LIBs and SIBs components. Meanwhile, corresponding intelligent detection methods are listed, so as to provide an early warning for resolving battery safety problems.…”

Prospects for managing end‐of‐life lithium‐ion batteries: Present and future

“…By embedding IoT sensors with radio frequency identification (RFID), battery health can be monitored in real-time. [95,96] The built-in sensor can decode chemical and thermal events in the battery and collect the data covering all battery health-related information, such as charge and discharge curves, temperature evolution, internal resistance, SOC, and OCV over its entire lifecycle, which is then uploaded to the IoT and stored in a powerful cloud database. [97] As an automatic identification technology, RFID carries out noncontact, bidirectional data communication through radio frequencies, which are used to read and write recording media (electronic tags or radiofrequency cards) for the purpose of target identification and data exchange.…”

“…By embedding IoT sensors with radio frequency identification (RFID), battery health can be monitored in real‐time. [ 95,96 ] The built‐in sensor can decode chemical and thermal events in the battery and collect the data covering all battery health‐related information, such as charge and discharge curves, temperature evolution, internal resistance, SOC, and OCV over its entire lifecycle, which is then uploaded to the IoT and stored in a powerful cloud database. [ 97 ]…”

Unlocking cell chemistry evolution with operando fibre optic infrared spectroscopy in commercial Na(Li)-ion batteries

“…While operando techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), infrared (IR) or electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) are powerful tools to access the microscopic scale [2][3][4][5] , they are not readily translated out of laboratory test cells and into commercialgrade batteries. In this context, non-destructive diagnostic techniques, such as optical sensing, allow for real-time characterization with spatial resolution afforded by placing sensors directly inside cells 6,7 . Using optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors numerous parameters of interest can be measured, such as temperature (T), pressure (P) and strain (with the feasibility of correlating these metrics to battery electrochemical behavior 8,9 .…”