Sensing Wood Moisture in Heritage and Wooden Buildings: A New Sensing Unit With an Integrated LoRa-Based Monitoring System

Saban, Mohamed; Berga, Silvia Casans; Garcı́a-Gil, R.; Navarro-Anton, A. Edith; Aghzout, Otman; Muñoz, Andrés Pedreño

doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3196740

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Agriculture [9][10][11][12][13] Environmental Monitoring [2,4,10,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Mobility [27][28][29][30][31] Health [6,17,[32][33][34] Other areas [1,8, From Table 6, it can be seen that most of the previous works focus on the area of environmental monitoring, followed by works referring to other areas such as performance improvement in LoRaWAN technologies. Works about environmental monitoring applications are the most popular, perhaps due to the diversity of sensors on the market for the measurement of different parameters such as UV radiation, temperature, humidity, and CO 2 , among others.…”

Section: Area Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, the air-quality sensors from Arduino and LoRa were integrated; the sensor nodes were then deployed on a university campus. Another work is the one presented in [2]; in this work, the authors proposed a monitoring system for moisture in the wood of buildings with cultural significance. The sensing solution was composed of a LoRaWAN communication device and a cloud application that allows remote visualization and control of the building's nodes.…”

Section: Environmental Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The selection of one of these technologies depends on certain criteria such as coverage area, data transmission rate, and power consumption. Among the communication options for IoT systems, low-power wide-area networks (LPWAN) stand out, which are characterized by their wide coverage, low energy consumption, and high scalability [2]. Among the different LPWAN technologies, the most popular are Sigfox, LoRaWAN, and NB-IoT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Literature Review of LoRaWAN: Sensors and Applications

Bonilla,

Campoverde,

Yoo

2023

Sensors

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LoRaWAN is a communication protocol designed especially for Internet of Things (IoT) applications that offers benefits such as long-distance connection and low power consumption. Due to the characteristics of LoRaWAN, this technology has gained great popularity in various IoT applications, such as environmental monitoring, smart agriculture, and applications in the areas of health and mobility, among others. Given this situation, the objective of this work is to provide an in-depth overview of LoRaWAN technology in terms of its applications, as well as the devices that have been used for the development of such applications. Additionally, this work reviews what other areas of LoRaWAN have been covered in different scientific articles, i.e., performance improvement and security. Among the main results of this study though analyzing previous works, we can say that most of them have been developed in the area of environmental monitoring and have used low-cost devices such as Arduinos, Raspberry Pis, and relatively low-cost commercial products such as those of the Semtech and STMicroelectronics brands. The analysis of the present work shows objectively and formally that LoRaWAN technology can be applied in various applications and that there are many studies that try to optimize its performance and security. This paper seeks to identify and describe the most relevant applications of LoRaWAN in different sectors, such as agriculture, health, and environmental monitoring, among others, and the challenges and solutions found in each area. This literature review will provide a valuable reference to understand the potential and opportunities offered by LoRaWAN technology.

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Section: Area Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Literature Review of LoRaWAN: Sensors and Applications

Bonilla,

Campoverde,

Yoo

2023

Sensors

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“…This can cause communication problems, particularly in urban environments with high levels of radio frequency activity. Table 1 summarizes the pros and cons of the LoRa technology: The network of LoRa uses encryption, integrity and authentication and it is secured with two security layers [23]:…”

Section: Lora and Lorawan Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, in free-space, gamma is 2. In urban environments, it ranges from 2.7 to 3.5, while in building environments, it can vary from 1.6 to 6 based on building structure, materials, and obstacles [23]. There may be a difference between the actual path loss (PL) and estimated path loss (EPL) due to shadow fading deviation, as shown in Equation (6).…”

Section: Experimental Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Smart Agricultural System Based on PLC and a Cloud Computing Web Application Using LoRa and LoRaWan

Saban

Bekkour

Amdaouch

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The increasing challenges of agricultural processes and the growing demand for food globally are driving the industrial agriculture sector to adopt the concept of ‘smart farming’. Smart farming systems, with their real-time management and high level of automation, can greatly improve productivity, food safety, and efficiency in the agri-food supply chain. This paper presents a customized smart farming system that uses a low-cost, low-power, and wide-range wireless sensor network based on Internet of Things (IoT) and Long Range (LoRa) technologies. In this system, LoRa connectivity is integrated with existing Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), which are commonly used in industry and farming to control multiple processes, devices, and machinery through the Simatic IOT2040. The system also includes a newly developed web-based monitoring application hosted on a cloud server, which processes data collected from the farm environment and allows for remote visualization and control of all connected devices. A Telegram bot is included for automated communication with users through this mobile messaging app. The proposed network structure has been tested, and the path loss in the wireless LoRa is evaluated.

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