Sensitive and rapid quantification of the cannabinoid receptor agonist naphthalen-1-yl-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)methanone (JWH-018) in human serum by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Teske, Jörg; Weller, Jens-Peter; Fieguth, Armin; Rothämel, Thomas; Schulz, Yvonne; Tröger, H.

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.03.016

Cited by 199 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Thus, if spice use is suspected, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy from a serum sample may help confirm JWH-018, AM-2201, JWH-019, JWH-073, JWH-250, and others. 7,8 Nevertheless, the formula of spice varies by supplier, and can include such toxic chemicals as linoleic acid, palmitic acid, oleamide, palmitoylethanolamide, eugenol, thymol, acetyl vanillin, benzyl benzoate, a-tocopherol, vitamin E, and b 2 -adrenergic agonists. 2 Although the 5 cannabinoids are schedule I drugs as of 2011, the manufacturing of the street drugs is not currently regulated; the manufacturers are often unknown because these products are purchased through internet vendors both wholesale and retail.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ischemic stroke after use of the synthetic marijuana “spice”

et al. 2013

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Objectives: To report and associate acute cerebral infarctions in 2 young, previously healthy siblings with use of the street drug known as "spice" (a synthetic marijuana product, also known as "K2"), which they independently smoked before experiencing acute embolic-appearing ischemic strokes.Methods: We present history, physical examination, laboratory data, cerebrovascular imaging, echocardiogram, ECG, and hospital course of these patients.Results: We found that in both siblings spice was obtained from the same source. The drug was found to contain the schedule I synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018. Full stroke workup was unrevealing of a stroke etiology; urine drug screen was positive for marijuana.Conclusions: We found that our 2 patients who smoked the street drug spice had a temporal association with symptoms of acute cerebral infarction. This association may be confounded by contaminants in the product consumed (i.e., marijuana or an unidentified toxin) or by an unknown genetic mechanism. The imaging of both patients suggests an embolic etiology, which is consistent with reports of serious adverse cardiac events with spice use, including tachyarrhythmias and myocardial infarctions. Spice, a schedule I synthetic marijuana (also known as "K2"), is a recreational street drug with many known adverse effects, including seizures and myocardial infarction. However, to our knowledge, cerebral infarction associated with synthetic marijuana use has yet to be reported in the medical literature. Spice is frequently abused by young adults with increasing popularity because of its euphoric effects and the ease with which it is obtained, which creates the perception of "a legal high." The US Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), law enforcement, hospitals, and poison control centers have noted gradually increasing use of spice in the United States since 2009. In 2011, 5 synthetic cannabinoids used in spice were categorized as schedule I substances under the Controlled Substances Act: JWH-018; JWH-073; 497; and cannabicyclohexanol. 1 At the time of our patients' presentations, spice was available for sale over-the-counter at convenience stores, smoke shops, gas stations, and over the Internet, and labeled as "herbal blends," "air fresheners," or "incense," often with the warning "not for human consumption."2 Common side effects of spice include tachycardia, vomiting, agitation, confusion, and hallucinations; more serious adverse reactions (seizures, myocardial infarction) have recently appeared in the medical literature. 2-4Furthermore, a number of spice-associated deaths have been reported in national news media. To our knowledge, the medical literature has not yet reported ischemic stroke associated with synthetic marijuana. We present 2 young siblings who experienced acute ischemic strokes soon after smoking synthetic marijuana.CASE REPORTS Patient A. A 26-year-old man was brought to the emergency department by emergency medical services approximately 50 minutes after he had the sudden onset of dysarthria, expressive ...

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Ischemic stroke after use of the synthetic marijuana “spice”

et al. 2013

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“…Teske et al (10), stated in their study that serum JMH-018N (methanone) level was at the highest with mass spectrometer within the fifth minute; it fell below to only 10 percent of the maximum after the third hour, and it could not be shown in the serum samples at and/or after twenty-fourth hours. Our case was not studied since he was admitted to hospital almost after twenty-four hours, and due to the fact that, in our hospital there was no test to show the SC metabolites in serum and urine samples.…”

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confidence: 89%

Rhabdomyolysis and Renal Insufficiency Due to Synthetic Cannabinoid Intoxication

Orhan¹,

Gülsoy²,

Demirel³

et al. 2017

tybd

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“…Teske et al [39] reported the maximum concentration of SCs in serum was in the range of 10 ng/ml after smoking approximately 50 μg/kg of JWH-018, and then decreases rapidly to less than 10 % of original concentration within 3 hours. SCs are easily metabolised to hydroxyl or carboxyl derivatives of the N-alkyl side chain or aromatic ring [40,41].…”

Section: Pharmacological and Toxicological Aspects Of Synthetic Cannamentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioanalytical methods for the determination of synthetic cannabinoids and metabolites in biological specimens

Aldlgan

Torrance

2016

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

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Recently the use of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) has increased around the world. As a result, the importance for accurate analysis of SCs in human biological matrices is evident and continues to be especially challenging due to their chemical structures being constantly modified. Many methods have been published recently for the analysis of SCs in human biological samples. This review provides an overview of the analytical methods used for the analysis of SCs and their metabolites in biological specimens with a special focus on chromatographic analysis and sample preparation.Liquid chromatography assay is the most commonly used for confirmation purposes of SCs and their metabolites in biological matrices. In blood and oral fluid, analysis of SCs must be very sensitive. In urine, SCs have extensive metabolism pathways; therefore the main target compounds are their hydroxyl and carboxyl metabolites, which is important to recognise when establishing clinical and forensic toxicology analytical methods.

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Sensitive and rapid quantification of the cannabinoid receptor agonist naphthalen-1-yl-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)methanone (JWH-018) in human serum by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Cited by 199 publications

References 9 publications

Ischemic stroke after use of the synthetic marijuana “spice”

Ischemic stroke after use of the synthetic marijuana “spice”

Rhabdomyolysis and Renal Insufficiency Due to Synthetic Cannabinoid Intoxication

Bioanalytical methods for the determination of synthetic cannabinoids and metabolites in biological specimens

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