Sensitive detection of mitragynine from Mitragyna speciosa Korth using an electrochemical immunosensor based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes/chitosan- modified carbon electrode

Mustafa, Radhiahtul Raehan; Sukor, Rashidah; Eissa, Shimaa; Shahrom, Ainaa Najihah; Saari, Nazamid; Nor, Siti Mariam Mohd

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2021.130356

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Liquid chromatography technique has been developed for mitragynine detection, with reported LODs of 0.005 μg/mL using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), 8 0.0021 μg/mL using high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array, 9 0.0056 μg/mL using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), 4 and 0.47 μg/mL using HPLC-UV. 10 Furthermore, various immunoassays have been developed to detect mitragynine in urine using Competitive Indirect ELISA(CI-ELISA) with different levels of detection sensitivity, such as a LOD of 0.041 11 and 0.015 μg/mL, 12 an IC 50 value of 0.0012 μg/mL, 13 and a LOD of 32470 μg/mL. 14 To address the limitations of sophisticated instruments and lengthy analysis, which are not suitable for routine toxicological screening, several rapid methods have been developed for the detection of mitragynine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Factors such as hapten design or modification, carrier selection, coupling method (the coupling of hapten to the carrier molecule), hapten number (the molar ratio of hapten–protein conjugates), and purification of the conjugates affect the quality of the antibodies produced. In our previous research, we successfully developed mitragynine conjugates, including the methyl ester-MG conjugate (Figure ) for mitragynine polyclonal antibodies, which were employed in the development of an electrochemical immunosensor for the quantification of mitragynine in human urine …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous research, we successfully developed mitragynine conjugates, including the methyl ester-MG conjugate (Figure 2) for mitragynine polyclonal antibodies, which were employed in the development of an electrochemical immunosensor for the quantification of mitragynine in human urine. 11 The conjugation of the hapten determines the quality of the immunoassay. Additionally, several crucial parameters were optimized, including incubation time, antibody and coating antigen concentrations, the effect of detergent, pH, and salt concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Development of Methyl Ester Antibody-Based Competitive Indirect ELISA for Quantitative Detection of Mitragynine in Human Urine

Mustafa,

Sukor,

Mohd Nor

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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Mitragynine is the main psychoactive compound of Mitragyna speciosa Korth. (kratom). This alkaloid could render psychotropic effects and is often misused as a substitute for commercial drugs. Nowadays, the increasing popularity of kratom has led to the development of a rapid and effective detection method. The detection of mitragynine in a biological sample such as urine requires a highly sensitive and specific method due to the complex nature of mitragynine in urine. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is well known as a rapid screening method for biological samples. In this study, a competitive indirect ELISA was successfully developed using MG-22-OCH3 IgG as a detection antibody for mitragynine in human urine. The mitragynine immunoassay showed a limit of detection and a limit of quantification of 0.412 and 1.25 μg/mL, respectively. The measurement range was between 0.01 and 100.0 μg/mL, with a minimal inhibition (IC50) value of 0.152 μg/mL. The developed ELISA was validated using a gold method such as high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The percentage of recovery and the coefficient of variation (CV) for the ELISA and LCMS/MS analyses were 84.0–95.70%, 99.20–112.0%, 7.69–9.78%, and 2.86–6.62%, respectively. This indicates that the developed ELISA is a reliable method that can be used as a rapid approach for quantifying mitragynine content in biological samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Development of Methyl Ester Antibody-Based Competitive Indirect ELISA for Quantitative Detection of Mitragynine in Human Urine

Mustafa,

Sukor,

Mohd Nor

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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“…In addition, the miniaturization of instruments makes it possible to conduct real-time field tests. MWCNTs have been widely utilized in electrochemical sensors via their excellent electrical conductivity and abundant, easily functionalized active sites for antibody immobilization and improved sensitivity of the assay ( Fagan-Murphy et al, 2016 ) ( Azri et al, 2018 ) ( Oliveira et al, 2015 ) ( Mustafa et al, 2021 ). The involvement of the functional polymer CS can greatly facilitate the electrical conductivity of nanomaterials ( Aydın et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of BaP in seawater based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes composites immunosenor

Yan

Qiu

et al. 2022

Front. Chem.

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Benzo(a)pyrene, as the main polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutant in marine oil spill pollution, has negative effects on marine ecology and human health. A facile and sensitive method of rapid benzo(a)pyrene detection in seawater is essential for marine conservation. In this paper, a novel immunosensor is fabricated using a multi-walled carbon nanotubes-chitosan composite loaded with benzo(a)pyrene antibody. This immunosensor is based on a biosensing assay mechanism that uses multi-walled carbon nanotubes-chitosan composites as conductive mediators to enhance electron transfer kinetics. Then, potassium ferricyanide was used as an electrochemical probe to produce an electrochemical signal for the voltammetric behavior investigation of the immune response by differential pulse voltammetry. Under optimal experimental conditions, the peak current change was inversely proportional to the benzo(a)pyrene concentration in the range of 0.5 ng⋅ml−1 and 80 ng⋅ml−1 with a detection limit of 0.27 ng⋅ml−1. The immunosensor was successfully applied to assay BaP in seawater, and the recovery was between 96.6 and 100%, which exhibited a novel, sensitive and interference-resistant analytical method for real-time water environment monitoring. The results demonstrate that the proposed immunosensor has a great potential for application in the monitoring of seawater.

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“…The research interest in the electrochemical immunosensors has been constantly growing [9][10][11]. There is also a number of examples of electrochemical immunosensors for the LDL detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Low Density Lipoprotein—Comparison of Electrochemical Immuno- and Aptasensor

Rudewicz-Kowalczyk

Grabowska

2021

Sensors

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An elevated level of low density lipoprotein (LDL) can lead to the cardiovascular system-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis and others. Therefore, fast, simple, and accurate methods for LDL detection are very desirable. In this work, the parameters characterizing the electrochemical immuno-and aptasensor for detection of LDL have been compared for the first time. An immunosensor has been designed, for which the anti-apolipoprotein B-100 antibody was covalently attached to 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) on the surface of the gold electrode. In the case of an aptasensor, the gold electrode was modified in a mixture of ssDNA aptamer specific for LDL modified with –SH group and 6-mercaptohexanol. Square-wave voltammetry has been used for detection of LDL in PBS containing redox active marker, [Fe(CN)6]3−/4−. Our results show the linear dependence of [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− redox signal changes on LDL concentration for both biosensors, in the range from 0.01 ng/mL to 1.0 ng/mL. The limit of detection was 0.31 and 0.25 ng/mL, for immuno- and aptasensor, respectively. Whereas slightly better selectivity toward human serum albumin (HSA), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and malondialdehyde modified low density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL) has been observed for aptasensor. Moreover, the other components of human blood serum samples did not influence aptasensor sensitivity.

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Sensitive detection of mitragynine from Mitragyna speciosa Korth using an electrochemical immunosensor based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes/chitosan- modified carbon electrode

Cited by 14 publications

References 44 publications

Development of Methyl Ester Antibody-Based Competitive Indirect ELISA for Quantitative Detection of Mitragynine in Human Urine

Development of Methyl Ester Antibody-Based Competitive Indirect ELISA for Quantitative Detection of Mitragynine in Human Urine

Detection of BaP in seawater based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes composites immunosenor

Detection of Low Density Lipoprotein—Comparison of Electrochemical Immuno- and Aptasensor

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